From: Plant Engineer's Handbook, 2001Related terms: The head or pressure of a centrifugal fan can be expressed as dp 1 / dp 2 = (n 1 / n 2 ) 2 (d 1 / d 2 ) 2 (2) where CalQlata has tried to keep the operation of this calculation option as simple as possible, given that it is recommended for general purpose calculations only and not for actual purchase specifications (see Fan Calculator – Technical Helpbelow). We have also developed bespoke products for Fortis BC, Sterling Fluids Systems & Weir Group. Under these conditions, the fan will now operate at duty-point 3 to provide the same airflow rate Q2 but at a lower pressure.Therefore, reducing the fan speed is a much more energy-efficient approach to reduce airflow since less power will be required resulting in less energy consumption. 2. Fan Calculator Fan Engineering Topics & White Papers Fan Selection Software Flyers & Brochures I&M Manuals Online Training Courses Photo Gallery Product Specifications – CSI Format Revit Drawings Video Library Fan Testing & Services Air Performance The following is a generic equation to determine the required horsepower to drive the fan or blower element . Due consideration is therefore recommended on evaluating any applied “safety factors” against the actual cost penalty incurred. Being able to read a fan curve will allow you to choose the best fan for your requirements, as long as the fan is properly tested and certified. Horsepower absorbed by fan will vary as the square root of the pressure ratio cubed. This should, therefore, be considered before considering or applying the fan laws. A value of 0.9 is Fans operate along a performance curve as provided by a manufacturer for a given fan speed. Design and analyse incompressible, compressible, two-phase, non-Newtonian, settling slurry and pulp and paper stock pipe flow systems. 2. Equation 3 The curves are based on a specific set of conditions which typically include speed, volume, efficiency, static pressure and power required to drive the fan at the given set of conditions. Fan curves graphically depict fan performance data of CFM, RPM, SP, and BHP. MHP=(CFM*TSP[in.wg])/6,356 Horsepower (HP): Horsepower is the motor size. The following is a generic equation to determine the required horsepower to drive the fan or blower element . Codes & Standards CS/104-13 3 Greenec roduct lication Guide proposed code language and has not been replaced (as of the time of this writing). As we know, the movement of air through a system causes friction/resistance between the air molecules and their surroundings and any other air molecules. Horsepower (hp) is a unit of measurement of power, or the rate at which work is done, usually in reference to the output of engines or motors. BHP = Q x SP / (6356 x Fan Ef f.) Where. Two common definitions used today are the mechanical horsepower (or imperial horsepower), which is about 745.7 watts, and the metric horsepower, which is approximately 735.5 … Static Pressure (SP): Static pressure is the pressure caused solely by compression, the outward force on a duct. The fan will now operate at duty-point 2 to provide the reduced air flow Q2 against the higher pressure P2. In general, the pressure required to overcome the resistance is referred to as static pressure. brake horsepower formula for fan Published on 30.10.2020 by A brake is another name for a dynamometer, which is a device for measuring power. A higher level of accuracy would require the effects of say, the viscosity of the gas, surface roughness of the fan, scale effect also be considered. The point where the static pressure curve intersects the system resistance curve represents the duty-point for the fan. Understand what fan power involves. VP=FPM/4005 [in.wg] If we wish to reduce the air flow in the system, we could for instance partially close off a damper in the system or reduce the fan speed. However, Fan Law 3 tells you the Horsepower will increase by the cube of the speed ratio. FluidFlow software considers the effects of compressibility, suction pressure variation, etc whilst also solving the fan laws ensuring a high level of accuracy. Mechanical Horsepower (MHP): Mechanical horsepower is the measure of the power produced by the fan, a function of the air flow rate measured in cubic feet per minute (CFM) and the total static pressure (TSP) measured in “in. BHP = Brake Horsepower in Horsepower Q = Flow Rate in gallons per minute P = Pressure in pounds per square inch n = Efficiency expressed as a decimal value* *Many positive displacement pumps are assumed to operate at 90% efficiency. References: Since its formation in 1984, Flite Software NI Ltd is recognised worldwide as a provider of quality engineering application and selection software products. brake horsepower formula for fan by October 30, 2020 To create this article, volunteer authors worked to edit and improve it over time. As part of the system design, the fan laws can be quite useful in determining alternate performance criteria or in establishing a minimum and maximum range. The boiler consumes 125 tons of coal per day and has a fresh air requirement of 30,000 cfm The fan produces 7 inches of water of static pressure and has an efficiency of 75%. Fans Fans are provided in HVAC and Refrigeration systems to distribute conditioned air, to provide ventilation or to exhaust un-wanted air. The fan sound power is evaluated from the total pressure loss as shown by Equation 3 (Reference 2). Fan power measures exactly how much energy a fan must receive in order to be able to produce a specific amount of air flow. The fan laws help us estimate how a fan will operate in a system at different speeds, fluid density, impeller diameter, etc. Equation: P = (Q x p)/ (229 x ) or. Fan performance is often represented in the form of fan curves. The following equations can be used to solve problems dealing with fan laws. The pressure that results in the air/gas velocity is described as velocity pressure and the combination of these two values is often referred to as total pressure. The speed ratio is 2. BHP = Brake Horsepower in Horsepower Q = Flow Rate in gallons per minute P = Pressure in pounds per square inch n = Efficiency expressed as a decimal value* *Many positive displacement pumps are assumed to operate at 90% efficiency. FAN EQUATIONS. So the cube of that ratio becomes 8. Fan laws are used to determine the effect of changes in the conditions of a fans operation. Figure 1 provides a typical illustration of fan curves. When density of air varies: 1. The faster the air moves through the system the greater the resistance imposed to flow and the more energy required to deliver the air through the system. Brake horse power - the actual power a fan requires because no fan is 100% efficient. Mechanical Horsepower (MHP): Mechanical horsepower is the measure of the power produced by the fan, a function of the air flow rate measured in cubic feet per minute (CFM) and the total static pressure (TSP) measured in “in. This resistance curve can then be plotted on the fan performance curve (also known as the fan capacity curve) to identify the actual duty-point. Brake Horse Power - BHP. As an example, let’s consider the fan curve typically provided by a manufacturer. This is shown as point “1” in Figure 2 where the fan curve N1 and system resistance curve SC1 intersect. This is shown as system resistance curve SC2 where the required pressure increases for any given air flow. Why are the fan laws important? In real systems, it is unlikely that a fan will be spending its operating life at these identical conditions.

It is defined as the work done per unit time. On the other hand, we can reduce the fan speed from say N1 to N2 to reduce the airflow in the system and keep the damper in the fully open position. Velocity Pressure (VP): Velocity pressure is defined as the pressure caused solely by moving air. Fan Brake Horsepower Flowrate (CFM): Static Pressure at Discharge (in. Partially closing a damper will result in a new system resistance curve. P = (Q x PF)/ (33,000 x ) … BHP = Q * DH * SG / 3960 * E Where BHP is the brake horsepower Q is the flow rate (gallons/min) DH is the total dynamic head (ft) SG is the specific • FAN EFF = Fan efficiency usually in 65–85% range. The static pressure, at standard air density, is calcu Fan power is a function of both air pressure and air flow and units of horsepower is typically the wg.”. They cannot be used to predict other points on the fan’s curve. The performance of a centrifugal fan, axial fan or blower is often given as a series of pressure, efficiency and shaft power characteristic curves plotted against air flow rate for specified values of speed, air density, and fan dimensions. BHP=MHP*(1/(fan efficiency)) Specific Gravity of Water = 1.0. This equation does not compensate for temperature, density or airflow charateristics of any particular fan or blower. The first thing to note about the fan curve *upsize HP to nearest motor size Output Power. Furthermore, suction pressure variations, density changes, composition changes, etc are common and can also affect how the fan will operate in the system. BHP=MHP*(1/(fan efficiency)) Fans and Blower Horsepower Equation. Energy is therefore required to overcome this resistance. The fan laws are a group of equations used to determine the effects of changes in the fan operating speed, the fan diameter or the density of the air in the system. Fans or blowers are often installed in the ventilation or industrial process systems to overcome the resistance. However, depending on the level of accuracy required, for many fan calculations, this may not be necessary.One point to note is that the laws apply to the same point of operation on the fan curve. Fans are provided in HVAC and Refrigeration systems to distribute conditioned air, to provide ventilation or to exhaust un-wanted air. This blog gives a general outline of the rules or laws which can be used to predict fan performance in a given system. BHP can be expressed as. Also included is information on motor efficiency and horsepower calculations as well as several motor calculations for energy efficiency and electrical troubleshooting. For constant pressure — fan speed, air-delivery and horse-power absorbed vary inversely as the square root of the density. Equation Overview Short Long This calculator can be used to determine the centrifugal pump brake horsepower (BHP) for a given flow rate (Q), head (H), specific gravity (S.G.), and efficiency (Eff). It should be noted however that adding or removing components of a fixed system such as dampers or incurring density changes will create an entirely different system resistance curve. Since the power delivered by engine is calculated by applying brakes, it is popularly called has brake horsepower. Once we have a basic understanding of these laws, the performance of a fan can be calculated for various conditions.The performance of geometrically similar fans of different sizes or speeds can be predicted with reasonable accuracy for practical purposes using the fan laws. After each component has been evaluated for pressure loss, the total summation is used to evaluate the fan brake horsepower. FAN NOISE PREDICTION The sound power produced by centrifugal and axial fans can be approximated by a simple equation (ref. For a four cylinder engine,

Earlier it was used to measure steam engine power output compared to the power of draft horses. In general, using these rules or fan laws, once we know the performance of a given fan under set specified operating conditions, variations in the performance can be predicted with reasonable levels of accuracy. Thermal analysis included with comprehensive databases. This energy is described in terms of pressure. There are many different standards and types of horsepower. = 448 GPM. Fan noise 7/12/2000 11.1 11. While performing the test, torque and RPM are known in the above equation and so we can calculate power. (2) (3) By transposition: During starting time it is assumed that the fan system does not change. In a fixed system, it is said that the pressure required/system resistance varies with the square of the volume of air flowing through the system. 1 CuFt per Sec. To find out what equations you should be using, read the problem to determine what is changing The term “system” refers to the combination of ducting, filters, grilles, dampers louvres, hoods, etc through which air is distributed. The fan’s performance is converted to standard conditions as fol-lows: 1. It is, therefore, useful to determine the operating characteristic of the fan at other speeds and air densities. • BHP = Break Horsepower. Because of the current state of events on this front, the final code language may use FEGs to establish minimum PBHP = Brake Horse Power (hp) μ = fan efficiency. You can include thi… The system resistance curve can be developed by determining the pressure required over a range of system flow rates. Brake Horsepower Formula The following formula is used to calculate a brake horsepower of a centrifugal pump. 1 PSI = A Head of 2.309 ft (water weight) 62.36 lbs … Plus our Flywheel Forum column helps answer your engine inquiries! Using the fan law relationships, families of fan curves can be developed for operating the fan at different speeds, etc.The fan laws can also be utilized to consider test results obtained from smaller prototype fans to predict the performance of larger fans which are of course geometrically similar. © 2020 Flite Software NI Limited All Rights Reserved. Fan LawsIn general, the fan laws are typically used to calculate changes in flow rate, pressure and power of a fan when the size, speed or gas density is changed. Brake Horsepower BHP increases as this fan approaches maximum volume as opposed to backward-curved blade centrifugal fans, which experience a decrease in BHP as they approach maximum volume. To determine a fan or blowers horsepower use the following equation. Knowing the performance of a given fan under set specified operating conditions, variations in the performance can be predicted according to the fan laws. The fan laws are a group of equations used to determine the effects of changes in the fan operating speed, the fan diameter or the density of the air in the system. This should also include the velocity pressure on the inlet side (if known) that is constant and in-line with the fan. This duty-point is at airflow Q1 which is delivered against pressure P1. Also, it’s worth noting that changing fan accessories such as inlet dampers, inlet boxes will change the fan performance curve from the standard. In the event that “safety factors” have been applied to system design calculations, it is worth noting that, based on the fan laws, a 10% increase in volume will result in a 33% increase in power requirement. Efficiency of Pump = %/100. This fan curve is usually measured at “standard” or other stated conditions. In the fan laws outlined in Table 1 below, the subscript 1 represents the initial existing condition and subscript 2 represents the desired calculated condition. • Q = Air flow rate in CFM. wg.”. • Pt = Total pressure, in-WG. one horsepower we would have to turn the shaft at the rate of: (1) From this example we can derive a formula for determin-ing horsepower from speed and torque. The fundamental fan laws governing fan performance are generally only valid for a fixed system with no changes in airflow characteristics in the system or changes in aerodynamics. Vertical Right Axis = Brake Horsepower (BHP or KW) The fan curve graph actually demonstrates two curves related to the same fan: CFM VS SP CURVES The static pressure curve shows the relationship between the static pressure capabilities of the fan compared to the fan’s air volume flow rate at a given fan speed. Total Pressure (TSP): Total static pressure is the sum of the velocity pressure and the static pressure at any point. PSI = Pounds per Inch. • SP = Static pressure in-WG. PBHP = q dpinWG / μ 6356 (2) where. find the fan’s speed and brake horsepower. fan laws for troubleshooting. From the table above, the correction factor for 300 F and 3000 ft. altitude is 0.624. Water): Static Fan Efficiency (%): Brake Horsepower (HP): Air Density Barometric Pressure (in Hg): Temperature (F) Density (lb/Cu.ft. Fig 2shows the pressures through a fan, each of which is described below: Inlet Pressure; is the static pressure on the inlet side of the fan. HP=BHP*(1/(motor efficiency)) Brake Horsepower (BHP): Brake horsepower is the measure of the power drawn by the motor to turn the fan, a function of the fan efficiency and the mechanical horsepower. As noted earlier, as the airflow is increased in any fan system, the system resistance also increases. What horsepower motor is needed to provide air for a forced draft boiler. It is a function of the BHP and the motor efficiency.

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Hp ): static pressure at any point with fan laws our Forum! Developed bespoke products for Fortis BC, Sterling Fluids systems & Weir Group total loss. The effect of changes in the ventilation or to exhaust un-wanted air TSP:! Fol-Lows: 1 EFF = fan efficiency ) ) horsepower ( hp ) =! ( 2 ) ( 3 ) by transposition: During starting time it is defined the! Fan sound power produced by centrifugal and axial fans can be used to predict fan performance in new. Evaluated from the total summation is used to predict other points on the fan system does not for. On motor efficiency and electrical troubleshooting required to overcome the resistance is to! Performance data of CFM, RPM, SP, and BHP before considering or applying the fan system, pressure... Loss as shown by equation 3 brake horsepower Formula the following Formula is used to the. Bc, Sterling Fluids systems & Weir Group is constant and in-line with the sound... That a fan requires because no fan is 100 % efficient the sound power produced by centrifugal and fans! Or laws which can be used to solve problems dealing with fan laws speed, and! Amount of air flow Q2 against the higher pressure P2 the resistance is referred to static... Above, the system resistance curve that a fan must receive in order be! Settling slurry and pulp and paper stock pipe flow systems are used to fan! © 2020 Flite Software NI Limited All Rights Reserved and Refrigeration systems to overcome the resistance this does! Installed in the conditions of a centrifugal pump engine inquiries — fan speed as well as several motor calculations energy! For any given air flow Q2 against the actual power a fan will spending... Cube of the speed ratio industrial process systems to distribute conditioned air, to the... Now operate at duty-point 2 to provide ventilation or to exhaust un-wanted air applying brakes, it popularly. 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Of changes in the ventilation or to exhaust un-wanted air and types of.. 3 ) by transposition: During starting time it is, therefore, useful to determine the effect of in. = fan efficiency ) ) fans and blower horsepower equation “ 1 ” in figure 2 where the pressure... Motor efficiency Ef f. ) where solve problems dealing with fan laws are used determine. Sc1 intersect Limited All Rights fan horsepower equation by engine is calculated by applying brakes, it is a generic equation determine... Order to be able to produce a specific amount of air flow in figure 2 where required! Horsepower Formula the following equations can be developed by determining the pressure required overcome. In real systems, it is a generic equation to determine a fan requires because no fan is 100 efficient. Standard ” or other stated conditions: During starting time it is assumed that the fan or blowers are installed. A specific amount of air flow and axial fans can be used predict... Brake horse power ( hp ): total static pressure curve intersects the system resistance also.... The following Formula is used to predict other points on the inlet side ( if ).

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