Proceeds from the affiliate programs help support Sand Density Formula: The ratio of mass of the sand to the volume of calibrating container gives you the density of sand. The swell factor can be used to calculate the volume increase. Please log in (or create a free account) to let us know how things went. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. [email protected]. In Imperial or US customary measurement system, the density is equal to 96.01 pound per cubic foot [lb/ft³], or 0.89 ounce per cubic inch [oz/inch³]. Pour the soil sample from the 10 mL graduated cylinder into the 50 mL graduated cylinder. The relative density of a soil is the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the difference between the maximum index void ratio and the field void ratio of a cohesionless, free-draining soil; to the difference between its maximum and minimum index void ratios. Science Buddies Staff. Stirring would "un-pack" the sand, so you'll need to come up with a good way to get water into the sample without disturbing the sand by stirring. To calculate the granules of sand per unit volume, enter the volume of calibrating container and mass of sand in the above text box. (3) Determine and record the mass of the mold and soil. Different Sand Type Density According to the US customary measurement system, dry weighs 1.631 gram per cubic centimeter, this density is equal to 101.8 pounds per cubic foot [lb/ft³]. Did you ever stop and think how it is that you can make the sand take up less space? The volume of these voids in a sample of sand is sometimes referred to as the porosity of the sand. Come back and tell us about your project using the “I Did This Project” link for the project you choose. Record the measured volume in your lab notebook. It will be equal to the volume of the sand alone plus the volume of the water alone minus the volume of the sand/water mixture. Use the eraser end of a pencil to tamp the sample down in the 10 mL graduated cylinder before measuring the volume. density of sand, Silica is equal to 1 538 kg/m³. Coarse Aggregate = (Coarse Aggregate Part / Concrete Parts ) * Concrete Volume = (3/5.5) * 2 = 1.09 m 3 It's the weight of the particles of the soil divided by the total volume. Example - Calculating Slurry Density. (9) Vibrate the mold assembly and soil specimen for 8 min. It can also be thought of as how compacted or compressed a substance is. The field density of […] Calculating density. When packed, the grains of sand are forced to form a narrower formation, and more matter is in the volume. The density of the calibrating sand is first determined in the laboratory. The Density of Sand utility returns sand density based on sand conditions (wet/dry in bulk / packaged). Remove the surcharge base-plate handle. the density of the solids is 2500 kg/m 3; the density of the liquid is 1000 kg/m 3 Copyright © 2002-2020 Science Buddies. HOW TO INCREASE REPETITION VALUE OF PLYWOOD? If you've ever made sandcastles at the beach, you know that you need to press hard and pack the sand tightly inside your bucket if you want it to hold its shape when you turn the bucket over to make a tower. Now comes the tricky part: Can you figure out a way to get water to permeate the sample without stirring it? (2) Calculate the maximum index density (ρdmax) as follows: Ms2 = mass of tested-dry soil = Mass of mold with soil after vibration – Mass of mold, V = Volume of tested-dry soil = Vc – (Ac*H), Ac = the calibrated cross sectional area of the mold. Multiply the bank weight by the load factor to get loose weight. To finish your measurement of density, divide the mass you measured by the volume you calculated. The result is the percentage of the original volume of sand that is occupied by air in between the grains. Record the mass of the cylinder (in g) in your lab notebook. 1. Use this paver sand calculator to solve for the amount of sand you need to create a stable layer under a pavement. This is equal to the mass of the graduated cylinder containing sand minus the mass of the graduated cylinder alone. W10 = bulk weight of the excavated soil = 1896.5 gm. How to Make an Archimedes Screw - STEM Activity, Physics and Chemistry of an Explosion Science Fair Project Idea, How to make an anemometer (wind speed meter). Measure and record the total volume of the sand/water mixture. Wet density of Soil in-situ = Mass of wet excavated soil (W4)/Volume of hole (V). Stir the mixture so that the water can completely penetrate the sand. The density of the sand is affected if the sand is compacted (bulged) or loose and if it is wet or dry. How does air space change as the grain size of the sand varies? The sides of the mold may be struck a few times using a metal bar or rubber hammer to settle the soil so that the surcharge base-plate can be easily placed into position and there is no surge of air from the mold when vibration is initiated. The average of these twelve readings is the initial dial gage reading, Ri. Density of Cement = 1440 kg/ m 3 = 0.3636 X 1440 = 523 kg = 10.5 Approx. The goal of this project is to measure the density and porosity of various samples of sand. 1) The density of a given material does not change based on the amount of material given (density of 1g of sand = density of 5000kg of sand). Amazon.com, Home Science Tools, What do you think? density of sand, Silica is equal to 1 538 kg/m³. The wet volume of the mixture is always less than the dry volume. The density of a slurry where. Science Buddies participates in affiliate programs with You don't have to remember the density of sand though - our calculator has a preset value for density. Use the funnel to pour a sample of dry sand into the graduated cylinder. X 0.012 = 0.12 cu.m. The result is the density of the metal measured in g/cm 3. The mineral composition of sand can vary greatly, depending on the material from which the sand originated. How does pencil-tamping affect the porosity of the sand sample? You can find this page online at: https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-ideas/MatlSci_p024/materials-science/density-and-porosity-of-sand. (10) Determine and record the dial indicator gage readings as in step (7). What is your enthusiasm for science after doing your project? Calculate the fractional air space. 7 FACTORS INFLUENCING REBOUND HAMMER TEST OF CONCRETE. (4) Again fill the mold with soil (do not use the same soil used in step 1) and level the surface of the soil by using a scoop or pouring device (funnel) in order to minimize the soil segregation. Read on to find out exactly what density is, how it works, and how to calculate density. Measure out 7-8 mL of water in the 10 mL graduated cylinder. Weigh the empty graduated cylinder on the kitchen scale. Divide the mass of the sand by the volume of the sand. Record Ri to the nearest 0.001 in. Relative density is an index that quantifies the state of compactness between the loosest and densest possible state of coarse-grained soils. ASTM D 4254 – Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density. Science Buddies, a 501(c)(3) public charity, and keep our resources free for everyone. Please enter a search term in the text box. The test is normally carried out on dry material, but when bulking tests are required, material with a given percentage of moisture may be used. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tnvd9OUPu3A, Mold Assembly (consisting of standard mold, guide sleeves, surcharge base-plate, surcharge weights, surcharge base-plate handle, and dial-indicator gage). 2. The sand is then filled in the site hole from where the soil is excavated. Another way to measure the air space is as a percentage of the total volume of the sand. Sand= (1.5/5.5) x 1.54 = 0.42 m3 ∴ 1.5 is a part of Sand, 5.5 is sum of ratio Density of Sand is 1450/m3 For KG = 0.42 x 1450 = 609 kg As we know that 1m3 = 35.31 CFT (2020, June 23). Calculate the density of the sand. Our top priority is student learning. Calculate the density of the sand. Degree of compaction = Dry density x 100 (370/Maximum dry density. Science Buddies Staff. Sand calculator formula When you enter your measurements into the calculator, it works out the area and volume of the sand required using the below formulas: $$Area = Length \times Width$$ $$Volume = Area \times Depth$$ Dry density = Wet density x 100%/ Moisture content of soil + 100. Our top priority is student learning. Of course, if you decide to use some unusual material, feel free to change the value! There is a tutorial on programming calculations with a spreadsheet listed in the Bibliography (James, date unknown). "Sand Structure: Measuring Density and Porosity of Sand.". Calculate the mass of the sand alone. Try one of our science activities for quick, anytime science explorations. 1 cuft of sand = 46 Kg ( approx ) 35.22 Cuft of sand = 46 Kg × 35.22 = 1620 Kg. Calculate the air space volume. VISCOSITY GRADE BITUMEN – WHAT ARE THE TYPES AND THEIR SPECIFICATIONS? Calculate the in-situ bulk density of soil Sand, Silica weighs 1.54 gram per cubic centimeter or 1 538 kilogram per cubic meter, i.e. Density of sand = Mass of sand / Volume of calibrating container Use our density of sand calculator tool to find the mass of different sad forms. You’ll find a link to “I Did This Project” on every project on the Science Buddies website so don’t forget to share your story! You can connect me on Google +. Practice problems: Porosity and bulk density Bulk density is the weight per unit volume of a soil sample. Whether you’re planning to build an elaborate patio or a paved driveway, you must first create a … Compared to a typical science class, please tell us how much you learned doing this project. SPECIFICATION FOR BURNT CLAY PAVING BRICKS (IS-3583-1988), Porosity and Density Determination of Rock Using Saturation And Buoyancy Techniques. As Geoffrey White states, the bulk density of some so-called “sharp sand” is around 1.6 and 1.8 t/m³. So - hey - don't feel dense. (8) Firmly attach the guide sleeve to the mold and lower the appropriate surcharge weight onto the surcharge base-plate. The grains come from rock-and sometimes from other materials, such as coral or other marine organisms with calcareous body parts. Carolina Biological, and Write to us at Calculate the density. Volume of hole: Vh = (weight of sand in hole W9) / (bulk density of sand ρs) = 1.3953 kg / 1423.8 kg/m 3 = 9.8 x 10-4 m 3. The in-situ density of soil is determined using sand replacement method or any other suitable method. You may print and distribute up to 200 copies of this document annually, at no charge, for personal and classroom educational use. (5) Place the surcharge base plate on the surface of the soil and twist it slightly several times so that it is placed firmly and uniformly in contact with the surface of the soil. Add the water to the 50 mL graduated cylinder with the sand. You want it to be about half-way full (5-6 mL), but the exact amount is not critical. It will be equal to the volume of the sand alone plus the volume of the water alone minus the volume of the sand/water mixture. Your email address will not be published. Density of water and gravitational constant ρ w = 1000 kg/m 3 ρ w = 1 g/cc ρ w = 62.4 lb/ft 3 g = 9.81 m/s 2 g = 32.2 ft/sec 2 Relative Density. Calculate the bulk density of a 400 cm3 soil sample that weighs 575 g (oven dry weight). Sand Quantity = ( Sand Part / Concrete Parts ) * Concrete Volume = (1.5/5.5) * 2 = 0.5454 m 3. WHAT IS BLENDED CEMENT AND WHAT ARE ITS ADVANTAGES? Science Buddies, a 501(c)(3) public charity, and keep our resources free for everyone. Relative Density or Density Index Test of Sand. Calculate the bulk density of a 400 cm3 soil sample that weighs 600 g and that is 10% moisture. In this project, you'll measure the porosity and density of different types of sand. You can even buy sand that has been sorted according to size (the sand is passed through different meshes to obtain grains of fairly uniform size). (12) Determine and record the mass of the mold and soil (M2). If you have any comments (positive or negative) related to purchases you've made for science projects from recommendations on our site, please let us know. (11) Remove the surcharge base-plate from the mold and detach the mold from the vibrating table. The individual grains come in many different sizes. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The weight of the sand let off into the hole is divided with the density of sand which gives the volume of excavated soil or site hole. Soil can become compacted over time by pressure from above. To calculate the weight of a cubic yard of sand, you simply have to multiply its volume by its density. Example: Basalt has a bank mass density of 4950 lb/yd3 with a swell percentage of 67% This document describes methods for doing this. The load factor can be used to calculate the weight of the material per cubic metre/yard from bank to loose state. Step-1:Calculate the dry volume of cement and sand mixture required Volume of plaster = Area X Thickness = 10 sq.m. ρ l = density of liquid without solids (lb/ft 3, kg/m 3) Slurry concentration by weight can be measured by evaporating a known weight of slurry - and measure the weight of dried solids. Here's how to calculate the fractional air space: Divide the air space volume (in mL) by the starting volume of sand (also in mL). However, as always that is based on an assumption or three. For a related experiment that examines how the volume of sand changes under pressure, see the Science Buddies project. To know more about me just visit AboutMe, WITHOUT USING VIBRATORY TABLE IS THERE ANY ALTERNATE METHOD FOR FINDING RELATIVE DENSITY. The volume of the hole =Weight of sand in hole (W4)/Density of used sand (D1). Note: more advanced students can use a spreadsheet program to perform the data analysis calculations. Calculate the air space volume. There are voids (empty spaces) in between the grains. Sand, Silica weighs 1.54 gram per cubic centimeter or 1 538 kilogram per cubic meter, i.e. This test is of significant importance and it has been widely used in various construction project sites. (1) Calculate the minimum index density (ρdmin) as follows: Ms1= mass of tested-dry soil = Mass of mold with soil placed loose – mass of mold. (3) Calculate the maximum and the minimum-index void ratios as follows (use Gs value as determined from specific gravity test; ρw = 1 g/cm3): (4) Calculate the relative density as follows: To calculate the void ratio (e) of the natural state of the soil, first calculate density of soil (ρd) and ρs=GS*ρw (use Gs value as determined from specific gravity test) as follows: Geotechnical-Material Engineer. Calculate the fractional air space. The procedures, materials, equipment, and specifications of this test is based on the Indian Standard (IS 2720 part 28). Do smaller grains pack together more tightly so that the sand is less porous? Overall, how would you rate the quality of this project? Determine the bulk weight of soil; The weight of the soil excavated from the hole i.e. For any other use, please contact Science Buddies. You can follow me on Instagram. How does pencil-tamping affect the density of the sand sample? Jameco Electronics. These materials have been eroded over time by natural forces like wind, ice, and moving water. Write to us at, Fast Weigh MS-500-BLK Digital Pocket Scale, 500 by 0.1 G, Beach Bum Science: Compression of Wet Sand. The sand replacement test method is used to determine in situ dry density of soil. Multiply the volume by the density (in the same units) to get the weight There is finer and more coarse sand, so the density, measured for dry sand in kg per cubic meter or pounds per cubic feet, of your particular shipment may vary. Then empty the mold (M1). The density of a material is scientifically defined as its mass per volume. (0.025 mm). To calculate the void ratio (e) of the natural state of the soil, first calculate density of soil (ρd) and ρs=GS*ρw (use Gs value as determined from specific gravity test) as follows: e = (ρs /ρd)-1 Some good background information on the material per cubic meter, i.e use some unusual material feel! 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