It is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. Bakelite is a polymer made up of the monomers phenol and formaldehyde. from Chemistry Polymers Class 12 Haryana Board - English Medium. Bakelite, which is also known as a 'material of a thousand uses' is chemically called polyoxybenzyl methylene glycol anhydride. Structure Bakelite is an early polymer, comprised of a phenol-formaldehyde mixture, with Phenol being derived from coal tar, and Formaldehyde derived from methanol. (a) Heavily branched cross linked polymers, (b) Linear slightly branched long chain molecules. (c) Become infusible on moulding so cannot be reused. The characteristics of Bakelite made it particularly suitable as a molding compound, an adhesive or binding agent, a varnish, and a protective coating. Very smooth molding can be obtained from this polymer. Which of the following polymers are condensation polymers? Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Bakelite is made up of Phenol and formaldehyde. Join BYJU’S or download our app to know more about polymers with the most simplified approach of learning. They are also resistant to several destructive solvents. Once hard, it is crushed into a powder, which is then mixed with various fillers. New Page 1. Unlike linear and branched polymers, which are composed of long molecules that make them more or less crystalline, space-network polymers are highly and irregularly cross-linked throughout the structure. It is a thermosetting plastic. Answer: (c) It has a coiled structure and chains held together by weak van der waals forces [2] The natural physical appearance of Bakelite is a brown/amber iridescent lustre. It is a thermosetting polymer and Bakelite has high strength meaning it basically retains its form even after extensive molding. New York: Marshall Cavendish. After this final setting of the material it will not be possible to heat and reshape it again. It can also be made into different colours, but this depends on filler that it is mixed with during the manufacturing process. Although polymers were first invented in the 1860’s, it was not mass-produced until the early 1900’s when Bakelite was used as a replacement for wood, ivory, tortoise-shell, etc. As a result of these branches, the polymers are not closely packed together. [online] Available at: Encyclopedia Britannica. The first synthetic polymer, a phenol-formaldehyde polymer, was introduced under the name “Bakelite Bakelite was originally used to make billiard balls. He first produced a soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin called “Novolak,” which never became a market success. Q:-What is crystal field splitting energy? (2016). Some 5,000 years ago, we learned how to make alloys of copper, and the Bronze Age began. Bakelite Plastic Properties. Change ), NT Conradie - 19673418 Melamine formaldehyde resin is a condensation polymer of melamine (2, 4, 6-triamino-1, 3, 5-triazine) and formaldehyde. Monomers join together to form a long straight chain with some branched chains of different lengths. Your email address will not be published. ( Log Out /  ( Log Out /  Further, Bakelite has been used for making the handles of a variety of utensils. Bakelite | chemical compound. [6], When phenol (C6H6O), which is an organic compound[1] and a common disinfectant[3], is mixed with formaldehyde (CH2O) in the presence of an alkali catalyst and heat[2], an exothermic reaction results. (2016). Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Bakelite deforms permanently and retains its … Bakelite is the commercial name for the polymer obtained by the polymerization of phenol and formaldehyde. We cannot deny the presence of polymers in our lives. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. (d) Soften on heating and harden on cooling, can be reused. “Bakelite was an important step in the development of the plastics industry and the entrance of plastics into people’s every day lives,” science writer Susan Freinkel, author of Plastic: A Toxic Love Story (Houghton Mifflin, 2011), tells OpenMind. For polyethylene, arguably the simplest polymer, this is demonstrated by the following equation. [2] The new mixture is then forced into heated moulds under high pressure. Bakelite is used for making electrical switches and switch boards. On the basis of structures of polymers… Whereas, when the quantity of formaldehyde taken is more than that of phenol in the reacting mixture, and the reaction occurs in a basic medium, the condensation product is known as Resol. Bakelite. HJG Van Zyl - 18300111, https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/polymers.htm, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol_formaldehyde_resin, http://www.elvenkrafte.com/bakelite%20presentation.htm, https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/bakelite.html, https://global.britannica.com/science/Bakelite. Phenol is made to react with formaldehyde. Answer. (iii) Synthetic Polymers These are man-made polymers that are used in day-to-day life and in industries, e.g., plastic (polythene), synthetic fibres (nylon-6,6) and synthetic rubbers (Buna-S), etc. Initial methods of preparing bakelite involved the heating of formaldehyde and phenol in the presence of one of the following catalysts -zinc chloride (ZnCl2), hydrochloric acid (HCl), or ammonia (NH3). 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