The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority acknowledges the continuing sea country management and custodianship of the Great Barrier Reef by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Traditional Owners whose rich cultures, heritage values, enduring connections and shared efforts protect the Reef for … Planar reefs are found in the northern and southern parts, near Cape York Peninsula, Princess Charlotte Bay, and Cairns. The Australian and Queensland governments, in partnership with the private sector, conservation groups, research institutions, regional natural resource management bodies and industry groups are investing more than $45 million over six years through the Great Barrier Reef Gully and Streambank Joint Program to tackle sediment run-off by fixing gullies and streambanks in high erosion areas of the reef catchments. [24]:9, Royal Commissions disallowed oil drilling in the Great Barrier Reef, in 1975 the Government of Australia created the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and prohibited various activities. After this, a stakeholder working group was formed that worked between several groups as well as the Australian and Queensland governments to update reef goals and objectives. The committee regularly reviews the state of conservation of all properties inscribed on the World Heritage List. As part of the Reef 2050 plan, an AUD$443 million grant was given to the Great Barrier Reef Foundation in 2018. [10] According to a study published in October 2012 by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the reef has lost more than half its coral cover since 1985, a finding reaffirmed by a 2020 study which found over half of the reef's coral cover to have been lost between 1995 and 2017, with the effects of a widespread 2020 bleaching event not yet quantified. [24]:7 During this time, some of the reef's islands were mined for deposits of guano, and lighthouses were built as beacons throughout the system. In 2009, the plan was updated. Farming practices damage the reef due to overgrazing, increased run-off of agricultural sediments, nutrients and chemicals including fertilisers, herbicides and pesticides representing a major health risk for the coral and biodiversity of the reefs. [42] At least seven species of frog inhabit the islands. Over 90% of this pollution comes from farm runoff. [42] Around 125 species of shark, stingray, skates or chimaera live on the reef. An addendum to the independent review was commissioned in January 2014 so that an independent panel could examine the latest information. [24]:18 [46][47] Close to 5,000 species of mollusc have been recorded on the reef, including the giant clam and various nudibranchs and cone snails. On 3 April 2010, the bulk coal carrier Shen Neng 1 ran aground on Douglas Shoals,[81] spilling up to four tonnes of oil into the water and causing extensive damage to the reef. [21] It includes the smaller Murray Islands. [23][24]:18 Eastern Australia experienced a period of tectonic uplift, which moved the drainage divide in Queensland 400 km (250 mi) inland. It is home to an astonishing diversity of life and vital to the health of our seas. No new research is done to produce the report. As of 1996, 27 islands on the Great Barrier Reef supported resorts. [24]:19 Some of these became high islands. The average inshore marine condition across all regions was found to be poor in 2017-2018, which is a decline from previous years. Their immediate goal was to halt and reverse the decline in water quality entering the reef by 2013. [24]:452 as in Raine Island, the earliest example. 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