Ontario’s Biodiversity: Species at Risk. Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd. Toronto. AB. Kershaw, L. 2001. There about 150 species of sumac worldwide and 14 species native to the United States. The recipe begins much like my flower jellies do, by making an infusion. Staghorn sumac or Rhus typhina grows throughout the northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada. They also persist through most of winter. It is native to woodland edges, roadsides, railroad embankments and stream/swamp margins from Quebec to Ontario to Minnesota south to Georgia, Indiana and Iowa. Sumac grows in colonies, with the older trees in the center as the tallest, and then gradually shorter tree/shrubs radiating out. There are many varieties of edible sumac around the world. Staghorn Sumac Rhus hirta Cashew family (Anacardiaceae) Description: This woody plant is a shrub or small tree up to 30' tall that branches occasionally. Caterpillars of many moths and butterflies eat the foliage. It grows throughout eastern North America as a shrub with bright red terminal conic fruit clusters covered in red tart hairs (Figure 22.1).Rhus hirta fruit had the highest activity in all the assays tested for different types of antioxidant activity (McCune and Johns, 2002). Staghorn Sumac's can grow up to 6 m high, 10 cm in diameter and 50 years old. Photo by Chris Earley. Staghorn Sumac is often planted as an ornamental due to the lovely fruit clusters and beautiful autumn foliage. Not Poison Sumac. Mailstop Code: 1103 Cultivars are plants produced in cultivation by selective breeding or via vegetative propagation from wild plants identified to have desirable traits.\"Cutleaf Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina 'Laciniata'): Wide-spreading, colony forming reaching 8 to 10 feet high and 12 to 15 feet wide. Staghorn Sumac. Staghorn Sumac Medicinal Uses. 1995-1999. Flower: Species is usually dioecious; small, with yellow-green petals, borne on upright, dense terminal cluster up to 8 inches long, appearing in mid-summer. In August, when Scott and I drove to pick-up our first hop order in western Maryland, I noticed that Staghorn Sumac was in full bloom along I … In Canada it occurs from Nova Scotia west to Ontario. Staghorn sumac trees are short – between five and 15 feet tall – and the branches have between 4 and 15 pairs of long, pointed leaves. Photo by David Taylor. The stem may reach 25 centimeters (ca. Rhus copallina (dwarf sumac) is similar in appearance to R. typhina, except its stems have raised dots and its leaflets have smooth edges. Photo by Sean Fox. The lateral buds are round, measure 5-7 mm long and are covered with dense brown hairs. They turn scarlet or orange in autumn. Preparation. USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Herman, D.E., et al. Staghorn Sumac is a unique shrub, named for the hairy stems that look like velvet on a stag's antlers. Fruits of the Staghorn Sumac are 3-5 mm across and red and juicy when mature. It is found from New England south to Georgia west to Michigan, Iowa, Missouri and Mississippi. 6 to 16 inches) long by 10 to 18 centimeters (ca. It is particularly noted for the reddish-brown hairs that cover the young branchlets in somewhat the same way that velvet covers the horns of a stag (male deer), hence … Close up of flowers. Trees in Ontario: Including tall shrubs. This is Staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina). Species of economic importance or medical concern found in the family include cashew (Anacardium occidentale), mango (Mangifera indica), pistachio (Pistacia vera), poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), and Pacific poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobium). The other two are smooth sumac (R. glabra) and fragrant sumac (R. aromatica). It also occurs in South Dakota, Kansas and Utah. Photo by David Taylor. Rhus typhina L. – staghorn sumac Subordinate Taxa. Small tree with flowers. Interesting to note is that Staghorn Sumac's have no terminal bud. They turn scarlet or orange in autumn. The velvety texture and the forking pattern of the branches, reminiscent of antlers, have led to the common name "stag's horn sumac". The bark, leaves and fruit are all rich with tannin and thus used to tan hides. Numerous lacey leaf cultivars exist. Staghorn sumac, also called vinegar sumac, is a short tree that grows in a roundish shape. staghorn sumac Anacardiaceae Rhus typhina L. symbol: RHTY Leaf: Alternate, pinnately compound, 16 to 24 inches long, with 11 to 31 lanceolate leaflets with serrate margins each 2 to 5 inches long, rachis fuzzy; green above and paler below. Trees in Canada. Panicle of flowers. The Staghorn sumac was one of my favorite tree before I even learned to make sumac lemonade. It can grow under a wide array of conditions, but is most often found in dry and poor soil on which other plants cannot survive. The only other genus from this family that occurs in Ontario is Toxicodendron, which includes poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. Edmonton. Please visit our COVID-19 page for our changes in operation and safety protocols. [Online] Available: http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/ClimateChange/2ColumnSubPage/267027.html. Mature Height: 15 ft Soil / Climate: Grows well in low nutrient soils, sun and shade. They are covered with glandular reddish hairs and are located in large cone shaped clusters at the tips of the twigs. Leaf petioles and stems are densely covered in rust-colored hairs. Easily grown in average, dry to medium moisture, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. [Online] Available: www.ontariotrees.com, OMNR, 2011. Foraged Staghorn Sumac Beer My homebrewing frequency has taken a nosedive recently ( surprise ), but I still try to find time to brew a weird batch when I can. Oct 2, 2016 - Unusual to see as a specimen tree. (519) 824-4120 ext. Staghorn sumac is not to be confused with poison sumac. Photo by Chris Earley. It is a species of prairies and other grasslands, old fields, roadsides, savannas and woodlands, and fencerows. Planting & Care for Deciduous Shrub – Sumac. Height – 16 feet (5 m) Exposure – full sun Soil – ordinary. 1996. North Dakota tree handbook. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources: Ontario Tree Atlas. 10 inches) diameter. arbor@uoguelph.ca  Washington DC 20250-1103, Pollinator-Friendly Best Management Practices, Native Plant Material Accomplishment Reports, Fading Gold: The Decline of Aspen in the West, Wildflowers, Part of the Pagentry of Fall Colors, Tall Forb Community of the Intermountain West, Strategic Planning, Budget And Accountability, Recreation, Heritage And Volunteer Resources, Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air And Rare Plants. Bees, wasps, and beetles are strongly attracted to the flowers. Staghorn sumac hybrizes with smooth sumac (R. glabra); the hybrid has alternately been named R. Xpulvinata Greene or R. Xborealis (Britton) Greene . ON. The fruits are sometimes soaked in water to make a tart, somewhat lemony drink. Soil pH: 5.5-7.0; Plant Size: 5 meters (16 feet) tall; Duration: Perennial Shrub; Leaf Shape: Odd Pinnate compound leaves with 9-31 leaflets; … The trunk is forked and spreading, which is the reason it provides such good cover for many animals. This species flowers in June to July depending on the part of the country in which it is found. Cultivated plants prefer fertile, well-drained locations in flood-free zones. Staghorn Sumac thickets provide shelter and food for many birds and mammals such as deer, moose, rabbits, grouse and pheasants. Rhus typhina Other common names: velvet sumac, hairy sumac. The sumac that is used in the spice blend is one member of the sumac family (genus, rhus), rhus coriraria or more commonly called European Sumac. 8 inches) long and 5 to 10 centimeters (2 to 4 inches) across (see photo). Farrar, J.L.. 1995. Fruits are fuzzy, bright red to brownish-red, 1-seeded drupes (like a cherry or peach) about 4 millimeters (1/6 inches) across. Staghorn Sumac is a member of the Anacardiaceae, the Sumac or Cashew family. Interesting to note is that Staghorn Sumac's have no terminal bud. USDA NRCS ND State Soil Conservation Committee; NDSU Extension and Western Area Power Administration, Bismarck. It is occasionally cultivated for its bright red to maroon fall color and persistent red fruits. The upper stems (or branchlets) are covered with dense brown hairs, while the lower stems (trunk or branches) are brown, hairless, and woody. Staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina). 43°32'39.06"N, 80°12'57.78"W, College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, College of Social & Applied Human Sciences, Gordon S. Lang School of Business & Economics. Name – Rhus typhina Family – Anacardiaceae Type – shrub. These studies were done on animals. This plant has no children Legal Status. In addition, staghorn lowers ‘bad’ LDL cholesterol and fats in the blood. The rash-causing agent, urushiol, is the same, and it causes the same rashes. It is relatively rare compared to the other members of the family. Notes: Long slender leaves change from bright green to orange-red in the autumn. Twigs are stout, densely red hairy and 16 to 20 millimeters (5/8 to 3/4 inches) thick (see photo). 3 to 33 feet) tall, usually tree-like, but in thickets, and occasionally shrubby. Some bird and small mammal species eat the fruits. Staghorn sumac grows as female or male clones. 240 pp, Muma, W. 2011. It can grow under a wide array of conditions, but is most often found in dry and poor soil on which other plants cannot survive. Perfect timing! This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Photo by David Taylor. Species in this family range from medium-sized trees to herbs a few inches high. Wild staghorn sumac flourishes in the sandy or rocky soils along fence rows and in abandoned fields. It is important to note that the fruits contain tannic acid and should not be boiled for excessive periods of time. Photo by David Taylor. Leaves of the Staghorn Sumac are 5-12 cm long and range from 11-31 per leaflet. Cluster of fruits. Staghorn Sumac is a wide-spreading large … OMNR, 2008. 1400 Independence Ave., SW They are members of the cashew family. Tolerates a wide range of climates. The Rhus Typhina is commonly known as the Staghorn Sumac, Velvet Sumac as well as Vinegar Tree.. See more ideas about Specimen trees, Sumac, Plants. Flower clusters are up to 20 centimeters (ca. When you hold staghorn sumac, the fuzz will gently brush off and the aromatic oils within the “fuzz” will stick to your hands. Flowers are borne in clusters (panicles) of hundreds to thousands of flowers at the tips of branches. Staghorn has been studied for its medicinal benefits. In this video, you will learn the difference between Staghorn Sumac and Smooth Sumac. Overall, staghorn berries lower blood sugar levels as well. More information about Staghorn Sumac may be found here.. The flower clusters produce berrylike drupes that turn red in autumn and last well into winter where they serve as tasty snacks for wildlife. Staghorn sumac is an open land species often found on drier soils, but which may occasionally occur on low ground. Ontario Trees and Shrubs. These are the clusters that encapsualte the fruits. When kept limbed up from the bottom and topped in the spring, the tree looks almost Palm-like while it sways in the breeze . Poison sumac, Toxicodendron vernix, is related to the poison ivies and poison oaks, not to the other sumacs. Rhus typhina (roos ti-fin’-a) Family: Anacardiaceae, Cashew or Sumac Key Steps 1b – Alternate leaf arrangement — go to 18 18b – Leaf compound — go to 58 58b – More than 3 leaflets — go to 59 59c – Leaflet margins are medium-serrate — go to 64 64b – Solid pith — go to 65 […] Yellow to greenish, 5-petaled flowers are small, only about 3 millimeters (about 1/8 inches) wide (see photo). Rhus typhina is a dioecious, deciduous shrub or small tree growing up to 5 m (16 ft) tall by 6 m (20 ft) broad. The ones we see most commonly in Pennsylvania and New Jersey are staghorn sumac, smooth sumac and winged sumac. Staghorn Sumac is a member of the Anacardiaceae, the Sumac or Cashew family. Staghorn sumac is found throughout the northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada. The currently accepted scientific name for staghorn sumac is Rhus typhina L. . Tiger Eyes® Cutleaf Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina ‘Bailtiger’) is among the group of plants that elicit a strong reaction from gardeners; they either love it or they hate it.There is no middle ground. What most commonly grows across North America is a close cousin in the sumac family, rhus typhina or more commonly called Staghorn Sumac. Staghorn sumac grows in gardens, lawns, the edges of forests, and wasteland. Rhus glabra (smooth sumac) can be distinguished from staghorn sumac by the lack of hairs on its stems and petioles. Leaves of the Staghorn Sumac are 5-12 cm long and range from 11-31 per leaflet. List of key staghorn tree facts. They are lance shaped, sharp toothed with fine hairs located on the veins. Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina): USDA Plant Hardiness Zone: 5-8 (More information on hardiness zones). Staghorn sumac (also spelled sumach) is the most common of three species that grow in Ontario. Sumac shrubs provide intriguing visuals throughout most of the year, whether they’re growing along roadsides or planted as garden accents. Staghorn sumac gets its name from its thick, velvety upper branches, which resemble the antlers of young male deer. Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1 Latin name: Rhus typhina L. French name: Sumac vinaigrier Synonym(s): Velvet sumac Taxonomic Serial Number: 28777 504755 - [Rhus hirta (L.) Sudworth] Tolerates a wide range of climates. The branches are hairy or fuzzy, like the velvet on a deer's antler. Foliage – deciduous Flowering – June to August A few studies show it lowers total cholesterol. Without attention, it can become weedy. USDA PLANTS Database. It is strongly rhizomatous. Bright green summer leaves can grow up to 2 feet long and have a bold texture. While poison sumac is rare, when you find it in its typical wetland habitat, you may find quite a bit. Ontario Tree Atlas map of non-planted Staghorn Sumac. I had way more Sumac to use and just as I was thinking – maybe I could make and freeze more lemonade – I came upon a recipe in my new cookbook Toast & Jam (Sarah Owens, 2017) for Sumac jelly. Rhus typhina range map. This sumac is 1 to 10 meters (ca. Photo by Chris Earley. Rhus typhina, commonly called staghorn sumac, is the largest of the North American sumacs. University of Guelph Arboretum They’re usually somewhere between 8 and 20 … The sap was also used as a treatment for warts. Poison sumac can take the form of either a small bush or a woody shrub, and can range in size from 9 to 20 feet tall. Large flower clusters in spring are followed by brilliantly colored fall foliage in orange, flame red, and burgundy. US Forest Service, FM-RM-VE It has alternate, pinnately compound leaves 25–55 cm (10–22 in) long, each with 9–31 serrate leaflets 6–11 cm (2 ⁄4–4 ⁄4 in) long. Its potential range reaches from USDA zone 3a to 8b. On one hand, it’s a spreader/colonizer that requires de-suckering. Tolerant of a wide range of soils except for soils that are poorly drained. Photo by Sean Fox. 52113 Staghorn sumac grows in gardens, lawns, the edges of forests, and wasteland. 4 to 7 inches) wide. Species of economic importance or medical concern found in the family include cashew ( Anacardium occidentale ), mango ( Mangifera indica ), pistachio ( Pistacia vera ), poison ivy ( Toxicodendron radicans ), and Pacific poison oak ( … Each leaf has 11 to 31 coarsely toothed leaflets, green on top, and much paler underneath. U.S. Weed Information; Rhus typhina . Rhus hirta, also known as Rhus typhina, is commonly referred to as staghorn sumac and lemonade tree. The leaves and fruit were boiled down to make ink and dried leaves were used for smoking. College Ave East This is an open, spreading shrub (sometimes a small tree) that typically grows 15-25 tall. Species in this family range from medium-sized trees to herbs a few inches high. Short-tongued bees, flies, and wasps visit the flowers for pollen, while carpenter bees occasionally burrow into the stems. The most prominent feature is the clusters of bright red berries that top the trees in the late summer and early fall. 504 pp. They are lance shaped, sharp toothed with fine hairs located on the veins. “This plant is a cultivar of a species that is native to the Chicago Region according to Swink and Wilhelm's Plants of the Chicago Region, with updates made according to current research. Leaves are alternate and pinnately compound, 20 to 40 centimeters (ca. Lone Pine Publishing. 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