[80] [42] At least seven species of frog inhabit the islands. The updated version of the plan focuses on strategic priority areas and actions to achieve 2013 goals. These act to reduce damage to the reef due to anchoring destroying soft coral, chipping hard coral, and disturbing sediment as it is dragged across the bottom. The average inshore marine condition across all regions was found to be poor in 2017-2018, which is a decline from previous years. After this, a stakeholder working group was formed that worked between several groups as well as the Australian and Queensland governments to update reef goals and objectives. The Great Barrier Reef, which supports a vast array of marine life, has between 300 and 400 coral species and stretches for thousands of kilometers across the Australian coast. [66], Mining company Queensland Nickel discharged nitrate-laden water into the Great Barrier Reef in 2009 and 2011 – on the later occasion releasing 516 tonnes (508 long tons; 569 short tons) of waste water. The plants are propagated by birds. In 2001, the GBRMPA released a report about the declining water quality in the Great Barrier Reef and detailed the importance of this issue. ), Gondwana to Greenhouse: environmental geoscience – an Australian perspective. Five Great Barrier Reef species of large benthic corals were found bleached under elevated temperatures, affirming that benthic corals are vulnerable to thermal stress. The Great Barrier Reef has two distinct seasons; a winter period of warm temperatures and low rainfall, and a summer period of mild temperatures and higher rainfall. The Reef 2050 Long-Term Sustainability Plan is the overarching framework for protecting and managing the Great Barrier Reef from 2015 to 2050. At the centre of this new investment is a $444 million partnership between the Reef Trust and the Great Barrier Reef Foundation. [23][24]:18 Eastern Australia experienced a period of tectonic uplift, which moved the drainage divide in Queensland 400 km (250 mi) inland. Boat sizes range from dinghies to superyachts. Fishing also impacts the reef through increased water pollution from boats, by-catch of unwanted species (such as dolphins and turtles) and habitat destruction from trawling, anchors and nets. The Australian Government Reef Achievements report provides information on the success of the Australian Government’s investments through the Reef Rescue Program to reduce nutrients, pesticides and sediment discharge into the reef from broadscale landuse over the period 2008 to 2013. It is home to an astonishing diversity of life and vital to the health of our seas. [24]:9, Royal Commissions disallowed oil drilling in the Great Barrier Reef, in 1975 the Government of Australia created the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and prohibited various activities. Through the Plan we will be able to measure the progress being made against identified water quality values. The establishment of an independent dredging and disposal technical advice panel and a management response group, to include community representatives. An addendum to the independent review was commissioned in January 2014 so that an independent panel could examine the latest information. These guidelines are nationally recognised and implemented at the local level based on the Australian policy for implementation outlined in the "Goals and Principles for the Establishment of the National Representative System of Marine Protected Areas in Commonwealth Waters". A heritage management plan to protect the Catalina second world war aircraft wreck in Abbot Bay. Also quantitative targets have been made to critically assess whether targets are being met. The Reef 2050 Water Quality Improvement Plan (formerly the Great Barrier Reef Water Quality Protection Plan 2013) has an expanded scope and updated targets that provide a new level of specificity. Results show on-ground investments supporting farmers and graziers to improve their land management practices in the Great Barrier Reef catchment are continuing to improve Reef water quality. [54] According to a 2012 study by the National Academy of Science, since 1985, the Great Barrier Reef has lost more than half of its corals with two-thirds of the loss occurring from 1998 due to the factors listed before. It considered over 160 options for protecting the Reef in the face of climate change. The types of corals that reproduced also changed, leading to a "long-term reorganisation of the reef ecosystem if the trend continues. Large outbreaks of these starfish can devastate reefs. [112], On 31 January 2014, the GBRMPA issued a dumping permit that will allow three million cubic metres of sea bed from Abbot Point, north of Bowen, to be transported and unloaded in the waters of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Nature has not caused as much decay to the reefs as man, but it is still a contributing factor. On Thursday 16 April Minister Ley and Special Envoy for the Great Barrier Reef Warren Entsch MP, launched the research and development phase of the Reef Restoration and Adaptation Program (RRAP). [117] As the largest commercial activity in the region, it was estimated in 2003 that tourism generated over A$4 billion annually,[118] and the 2005 estimate increased to A$5.1 billion. The desired outcome of the Plan is that Reef water quality supports the outstanding universal value of the Great Barrier Reef, builds resilience, improves ecosystem health and benefits communities. 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