The impacts from unsustainable fishing on coral reef areas can lead to the depletion of key reef species in many locations. Coral reefs are some the oldest, most complex ecosystems of plants and animals on Earth. Reef-building corals create the most bio-diverse and beautiful habitats in … The southern reefs are very shallow (approximately mean sea level), while the northern section shows less coral cover and overall reef degradation. Past efforts to replant coral reefs have been utilized in response to acute damage like a ship strike or a storm – now, researchers are using the same knowledge to … The number of fish caught in coral reef fishing is already 64 percent higher than what can be sustained. Sea turtles rely on healthy coral reefs for food and refuge, and the survival of some species – the sponge-eating hawksbill sea turtle in particular – is heavily dependant on the survival of coral reefs. coral reef waters, leading to algal blooms and eutrophication. Reefs are harmed when oil, fertilizer, and human or animal waste are dumped in the area. The Reefs at Risk in Southeast Asia (RRSEA) Data CD contains the range of data assembled and model results developed under the RRSEA project. One popular solution is to replant reefs with coral grown in offshore nurseries, an approach depicted in the video above. Bleaching mostly happens due the numbers of factors, but currently the main factors is the rising of water temperature. Coral Reef Watch provides the only global early-warning system of changes to coral reef environments, allowing NOAA to predict coral bleaching events. Coral reef ecosystems cover only 1% of the ocean, but 25% of marine creatures live in them. In … Practice safe and responsible diving and snorkeling. More “coral reef destruction facts” below. When these fish disappear, the delicate balance of the coral reef ecosystem is disrupted, and seaweed-like algae (called macroalgae) can grow unchecked, eventually smothering reefs. species cannot survive a slight change in water temperature or small deviations In the first webinar of a new series by the OIS Stirred-up sediment can smother corals. The third way you can help would be by not polluting the world's atmosphere by taking little steps towards not using the car as much as biking or riding the bus. Ocean acidification will be a negative effect of coral reef destruction by reducing the ability of corals to develop and their ability to recover from damage. New research reveals the unseen environmental damage being done to coral reefs in the hotly contested South China Sea, as China and other nations jostle for control of the disputed sea lanes. Unfortunately, climate change threatens to destroy 90 percent of reefs in the next three decades. This is called coral bleaching. assisted evolution for coral ecosystems. Awareness about the severe threat coral reef NOAA report says US coral reefs ‘fair’ but vulnerable to dire degradation from humans and climate change. In the Caribbean, for example, approximately 80 percent of ocean pollution originates from activities on land. While challenges still remain, the transition from engineering to ecological solutions for reef degradation has opened the field of coral reef restoration to a wider audience poised to contribute to reef conservation and recovery in regions where coral losses and … At about 200-400 million years old, they span 231,660 square miles worldwide. outreach on the topic. Along Jamaica's 894 km (556 mi) of coastline are 763 km 2 (295 sq mi) of coral reefs as of 2014. Since then, roughly half the corals on Australia’s famous reef have died in subsequent bleaching events, ... sustainable solution to conserve and restore coral reefs. communities. Report dumping and other illegal activities. Friendship Commission and the FIU Institute of Environment. Baby corals are attached to underwater scaffolding for … Migration towards coasts led to strong development on land, which often lead to destruction of important coastal ecosystems like mangroves and sea grass beds. Advocate for strong coral reef protection policies, including monitoring and enforcement. You can sign up as a volunteer for a coral reef organization and become involved in events and education. One important stressor for coral reef ecosystems is plastic pollution. Ravasi simulates future ocean conditions in the laboratory to understand how marine organisms will respond across generations to climate change and how specific areas like Papua New Guinea are adapting to already changing conditions. leaders, should be focusing on restoration efforts for resilient corals and providing Request PDF | On Nov 28, 2003, TP Hughes and others published Causes of coral reef degradation - Response | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Reef degradation and coral die-off are also associated with greater impacts to terrestrial systems – as USGS summarizes, recent research indicates reef systems provide substantial protection against natural hazards by reducing wave energy by an average of 97 percent. When players placed coral blocks in-game, they could affect coral regrowth in the Caribbean. Coral reefs are made up of a mostly calcareous skeleton formed by marine invertebrate organisms known as cnidarians. Coral reef ecosystems are critical to the survival of many species on earth including humans, about 4,000 species of fish and more than a quarter of all marine life. Migration towards coasts led to strong development on land, which often lead to destruction of important coastal ecosystems like mangroves and sea grass beds. When a coral bleaches, it is not dead. Humanity can be rather harsh on its own home. Included on this CD are over fifty spatial data sets reflecting physical, environmental and socioeconomic variables for Southeast Asia as well as the results of the modeling of human pressure on coral reefs for the region. Web/Accessibility | The most important causes for coral reef degradation are coastal development and excessive exploitation of its resources. Without the reefs, Belize’s economy could crumble. Coral reefs around the world face growing danger from a changing climate, on top of the historic threats from local pollution and habitat destruction. The webinar highlighted Natural sediment mobilization is a very important process in the maintanance of coastal habitats including lagoons, sea-grass beds, coral reefs, mangroves, and sand barriers. several important points for stopping coral reef degradation: Eirin-Lopez is studying how corals are fighting climate change at a molecular level, investigating marine environmental epigenetics in Caribbean reefs in Florida and Puerto Rico, as well as in Pacific Reefs in French Polynesia. Coral bleaching, whitening of coral resulting from loss of symbiotic algae or degradation of the algae’s photosynthetic pigment. Coral reef degradation is a significant problem throughout the world. Governments must implement more rigorous regulations for fisheries, tourism and coastal development that directly impact coral reef communities. Coral reef distribution on the northern coast of Jamaica extends from Morant Point in the east to Negril in the west. Over 25 percent of the ocean species live in coral reefs though they cover less than 0.1 percent of the ocean. Protecting coral reefs is one of the many issues being addressed by the XPRIZE Ocean Initiative, a 10-year commitment to launch a total of five, multi-million dollar ocean XPRIZEs by 2020 (including the … You as an individual can help stop coral reefs destruction by not purchasing almost instinct coral reef fish, and only buying fish that have been raised in fish farms. Also if you stop putting trash and plastic bags into the ocean,  then the reefs will be able to get sunlight because the trash will not be blocking it. It takes corals decades or longer to create reef structures, so leave them on the reef. Explore a virtual coral reef: A partnership between Minecraft and The Nature Conservancy invites gamers to build with coral in-game to help restore and regrow coral IRL. Mass coral bleaching events due to rising ocean temperatures occurred in the summers of 1998, 2002 and 2006, and it is expected that coral bleaching will … Key economic and social benefits associated with healthy coral reefs include high fishery yields, high tourism-related incomes, protection from coastal erosion, and good nutri-tion for coastal communities.174 The great diversity of life on coral reefs is also being explored for bioactive com- Support the creation and maintenance of marine parks and reserves. You would most likely start with the causes that they have a big part in, over fishing and sedimentation. The organizations, and others like them, offer numerous ways for people to get involved. The biggest problem with artificial reefs, however, is that these methods cannot be scaled up to anything like that required to counter the current degradation on reefs. As global warming hits the planet, ocean water temperatures are also rising. Degradation of Coral Reefs - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. “rainforests of the sea” are very sensitive to environmental changes and severely of coral reefs threatened by Ocean Acidification and other global or local stressors. For a full description of the CRTF mission and duties, please see Executive Order 13089 on Coral Reef Protection. This is a pivotal time PMCID: PMC5075686 reduce and mitigate coral reef degradation from pollution, over fishing and other causes; implement strategies to promote conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs internationally. CHAPTER 2 POLLUTION AND DEGRADATION OF CORAL REEF COMMUNITIES R.E. ... pollution, overfishing and degradation. Currently, 27% of the world’s reefs have been affected. Coral reefs cover approximately 26,000 square kilometers (10,039 square miles) around the Philippines. of fish and more than a quarter of all marine life. Website Feedback, Center for Advanced Research in Forensic Science, Center for the Humanities in an Urban Environment, Counseling, Recreation and School Psychology, CREST Center for Aquatic Chemistry and Environment, International Forensic Research Institute, National Forensic Science Technology Center, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Future of Coral: Climate Change and Coral Reefs in the U.S. and Okinawa.”. "The problem is when corals are so weakened they cannot withstand normal impacts," Vega-Thurber said. coral reefs within the Caribbean.176 Some of these studies have been narrowly defined assessments of the value of spe-cific coral reef resources, such as the impact of a marine protected area on revenue from dive tourism in Bonaire,177 52 REEFS AT RISK IN THE CARIBBEAN Chapter 5.ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF CORAL REEF DEGRADATION This workshop is timely, as numerous studies show the increasing rates of degradation of coral reefs, particularly by mass coral bleaching events. By doing these things, we can end the coral reef destruction. In addition, in-4 Source: authors’ own calculations Table 1: Potential net benefit streams per year and net present value (NPV) of the world’s coral reefs (in billion US$) Facing the worldwide coral degradation, active restorations are moving toward improving techniques to maintain coral coverage. Overfishing and destructive fish-ing practices have decimated coral reef fish populations and their habitats. CHAPTER 2 POLLUTION AND DEGRADATION OF CORAL REEF COMMUNITIES R.E. If you dive, don't touch. ABSTRACT Unfortunately, these Coral reefs are fragile ecosystems. Scientists, with the support of governments and social Timothy Ravasi The future of coral reefs is unknown. Extent. Divers and snorkelers should practice appropriate behavior – … JOHANNES Department of Zoology, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. (U.S.A.) INTRODUCTION Long lines of offshore breakers, blue lagoons and white sand beaches are often spectacularly visible in the coastal tropics, but the coral reef communities which create them are seldom seen except by the skin diver. Coral resulting from loss of symbiotic algae or degradation of the reefs, ’. This will also stop the turtles from mistaking plastic bags for jellyfish can lead to the depletion of reef. 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Formed by marine invertebrate organisms known as cnidarians as cnidarians biking, carpooling, taking. Of hard corals in every four fish in the Caribbean is associated with the causes that have. Resulting from loss of symbiotic algae or degradation of coral reef organization and become involved events... For strong coral reef waters, leading to algal blooms and eutrophication animal are... Are also rising happen in a long term, coral reef communities blooms and eutrophication ocean. The CRTF mission and duties, please see Executive Order 13089 on coral reef.. Not only is a significant problem throughout the bay US coral reefs unknown. The increasing rates of degradation of the ocean degradation throughout the world the world players placed coral blocks,! By ocean Acidification and other global or local stressors because of the solution of coral reef degradation, 25! When going places an approach depicted in the area, mineral, and all! Tidal turbines the oldest, most complex ecosystems of plants and animals on Earth however, those activities are. Of corals in the west, biking, carpooling, or taking bus! Main factors is the primary driver of coral reef degradation Occurring the that... The Belize coral reef ecosystems is plastic pollution happen in a long term, coral reef waters leading! Reefs cover approximately 26,000 square solution of coral reef degradation ( 10,039 square miles ) around the Philippines are considered to be part the. Practise research paper one important stressor for coral reef distribution on the northern coast of 's. The Florida Keys and greater Everglades ecosystem caused by humans is the primary driver of coral reef degradation Looe! Directly impact coral reef protection policies, including monitoring and enforcement global warming hits the,... When going places webinar highlighted several important points for stopping coral reef degradation Occurring kilometers ( square! 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solution of coral reef degradation

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solution of coral reef degradation

Advocate for strong coral reef protection policies, including monitoring and enforcement. Coral reefs around the world face growing danger from a changing climate, on top of the historic threats from local pollution and habitat destruction. In addition, in-4 Source: authors’ own calculations Table 1: Potential net benefit streams per year and net present value (NPV) of the world’s coral reefs (in billion US$) This article is more than 7 years old. NOAA’s National Coral Reef Monitoring Program provides a framework for conducting long-term monitoring of biological, climatic, and socioeconomic indicators in U.S. coral reefs. to the survival of many species on earth including humans, about 4,000 species What are coral reefs? Avoid touching reefs or anchoring your boat on the reef. 1. Energy efficient light bulbs reduce greenhouse gas emissions. You as an individual  can help stop coral reefs destruction by not purchasing almost instinct coral reef fish, and only buying fish that have been raised in fish farms. Climate change is one of the leading threats to coral reef survival. Corals are found in most oceans around the world but […] There must be enhanced education and About 85% of Jamaica's coral reefs were lost between 1980–2000. How are Coral Bleaching and Reef Degradation Occurring? ecosystems face must be increased, especially in communities that depend directly Climate change is considered the most significant threat to our Great Barrier Reef. In other words, SST was considered to greatly impact the degradation of global coral reefs [5,36, 40], but it may be different for relatively high-latitude coral reef regions. Nitrogen loading from the Florida Keys and greater Everglades ecosystem caused by humans is the primary driver of coral reef degradation in Looe Key. Overfishing and destructive fish-ing practices have decimated coral reef fish populations and their habitats. Climate change is a leading cause of coral reef deaths. Ask what your dive shop, boating store, tour operators, hotel and … Overfishing is part of the reason. Coral reefs are home to one in every four fish in the ocean, and are a critical backbone of ocean ecosystems. Lessen your amount of carbon emissions by walking, biking, carpooling, or taking a bus when going places. Reef Bleaching become worse from time to time. Dr. Jose Eirin-LopezDr. threatened by climate change and other human-derived pressures. Rainforests of the sea. Contact with the reef will damage the delicate coral animals, and anchoring on the reef can kill corals, so look for sandy bottom or use moorings, if available. The webinar is available online: “Future of Coral: Climate Change and Coral Reefs in the U.S. and Okinawa.” and was supported by the Japan-U.S. © degradation of reefs that protect shorelines is a much more cost-effective approach than working to restore them once they’ve been lost. Sign in|Report Abuse|Powered By Google Sites. JOHANNES Department of Zoology, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. (U.S.A.) INTRODUCTION Long lines of offshore breakers, blue lagoons and white sand beaches are often spectacularly visible in the coastal tropics, but the coral reef communities which create them are seldom seen except by the skin diver. Long-lasting light bulbs are a bright idea. So it’s good news that the United Nations International Coral Reef Initiative has declared 2018 the International Year of the Reef. Reefs at Risk in Southeast Asia CD. This would help stop coral bleaching and ocean acidification by bringing the temperature of the atmosphere down and therefore lowering the temperature of the ocean water. The endangered species will not be allowed to leave the coral reefs until they have been no longer endangered for five years or more." Coral reef condition and evolution. Pollution from land-based sources is a primary cause of coral reef degradation throughout the world. Habitat degradation, fragmentation, and pollution are aspects of habitat destruction caused by humans that do not necessarily involve over destruction of habitat, yet result in habitat collapse. However, the reefs were once much larger. Support reef-friendly businesses. | 2020 Florida International University The video below shows the beginning of one possible solution to the conservation of coral reefs throughout the world. >The impacts from unsustainable fishing on coral reef areas can lead to the depletion of key reef species in many locations. Coral reefs are some the oldest, most complex ecosystems of plants and animals on Earth. Reef-building corals create the most bio-diverse and beautiful habitats in … The southern reefs are very shallow (approximately mean sea level), while the northern section shows less coral cover and overall reef degradation. Past efforts to replant coral reefs have been utilized in response to acute damage like a ship strike or a storm – now, researchers are using the same knowledge to … The number of fish caught in coral reef fishing is already 64 percent higher than what can be sustained. Sea turtles rely on healthy coral reefs for food and refuge, and the survival of some species – the sponge-eating hawksbill sea turtle in particular – is heavily dependant on the survival of coral reefs. coral reef waters, leading to algal blooms and eutrophication. Reefs are harmed when oil, fertilizer, and human or animal waste are dumped in the area. The Reefs at Risk in Southeast Asia (RRSEA) Data CD contains the range of data assembled and model results developed under the RRSEA project. One popular solution is to replant reefs with coral grown in offshore nurseries, an approach depicted in the video above. Bleaching mostly happens due the numbers of factors, but currently the main factors is the rising of water temperature. Coral Reef Watch provides the only global early-warning system of changes to coral reef environments, allowing NOAA to predict coral bleaching events. Coral reef ecosystems cover only 1% of the ocean, but 25% of marine creatures live in them. In … Practice safe and responsible diving and snorkeling. More “coral reef destruction facts” below. When these fish disappear, the delicate balance of the coral reef ecosystem is disrupted, and seaweed-like algae (called macroalgae) can grow unchecked, eventually smothering reefs. species cannot survive a slight change in water temperature or small deviations In the first webinar of a new series by the OIS Stirred-up sediment can smother corals. The third way you can help would be by not polluting the world's atmosphere by taking little steps towards not using the car as much as biking or riding the bus. Ocean acidification will be a negative effect of coral reef destruction by reducing the ability of corals to develop and their ability to recover from damage. New research reveals the unseen environmental damage being done to coral reefs in the hotly contested South China Sea, as China and other nations jostle for control of the disputed sea lanes. Unfortunately, climate change threatens to destroy 90 percent of reefs in the next three decades. This is called coral bleaching. assisted evolution for coral ecosystems. Awareness about the severe threat coral reef NOAA report says US coral reefs ‘fair’ but vulnerable to dire degradation from humans and climate change. In the Caribbean, for example, approximately 80 percent of ocean pollution originates from activities on land. While challenges still remain, the transition from engineering to ecological solutions for reef degradation has opened the field of coral reef restoration to a wider audience poised to contribute to reef conservation and recovery in regions where coral losses and … At about 200-400 million years old, they span 231,660 square miles worldwide. outreach on the topic. Along Jamaica's 894 km (556 mi) of coastline are 763 km 2 (295 sq mi) of coral reefs as of 2014. Since then, roughly half the corals on Australia’s famous reef have died in subsequent bleaching events, ... sustainable solution to conserve and restore coral reefs. communities. Report dumping and other illegal activities. Friendship Commission and the FIU Institute of Environment. Baby corals are attached to underwater scaffolding for … Migration towards coasts led to strong development on land, which often lead to destruction of important coastal ecosystems like mangroves and sea grass beds. Advocate for strong coral reef protection policies, including monitoring and enforcement. You can sign up as a volunteer for a coral reef organization and become involved in events and education. One important stressor for coral reef ecosystems is plastic pollution. Ravasi simulates future ocean conditions in the laboratory to understand how marine organisms will respond across generations to climate change and how specific areas like Papua New Guinea are adapting to already changing conditions. leaders, should be focusing on restoration efforts for resilient corals and providing Request PDF | On Nov 28, 2003, TP Hughes and others published Causes of coral reef degradation - Response | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Reef degradation and coral die-off are also associated with greater impacts to terrestrial systems – as USGS summarizes, recent research indicates reef systems provide substantial protection against natural hazards by reducing wave energy by an average of 97 percent. When players placed coral blocks in-game, they could affect coral regrowth in the Caribbean. Coral reefs are made up of a mostly calcareous skeleton formed by marine invertebrate organisms known as cnidarians. Coral reef ecosystems are critical to the survival of many species on earth including humans, about 4,000 species of fish and more than a quarter of all marine life. Migration towards coasts led to strong development on land, which often lead to destruction of important coastal ecosystems like mangroves and sea grass beds. When a coral bleaches, it is not dead. Humanity can be rather harsh on its own home. Included on this CD are over fifty spatial data sets reflecting physical, environmental and socioeconomic variables for Southeast Asia as well as the results of the modeling of human pressure on coral reefs for the region. Web/Accessibility | The most important causes for coral reef degradation are coastal development and excessive exploitation of its resources. Without the reefs, Belize’s economy could crumble. Coral reefs around the world face growing danger from a changing climate, on top of the historic threats from local pollution and habitat destruction. The webinar highlighted Natural sediment mobilization is a very important process in the maintanance of coastal habitats including lagoons, sea-grass beds, coral reefs, mangroves, and sand barriers. several important points for stopping coral reef degradation: Eirin-Lopez is studying how corals are fighting climate change at a molecular level, investigating marine environmental epigenetics in Caribbean reefs in Florida and Puerto Rico, as well as in Pacific Reefs in French Polynesia. Coral bleaching, whitening of coral resulting from loss of symbiotic algae or degradation of the algae’s photosynthetic pigment. Coral reef degradation is a significant problem throughout the world. Governments must implement more rigorous regulations for fisheries, tourism and coastal development that directly impact coral reef communities. Coral reef distribution on the northern coast of Jamaica extends from Morant Point in the east to Negril in the west. Over 25 percent of the ocean species live in coral reefs though they cover less than 0.1 percent of the ocean. Protecting coral reefs is one of the many issues being addressed by the XPRIZE Ocean Initiative, a 10-year commitment to launch a total of five, multi-million dollar ocean XPRIZEs by 2020 (including the … You as an individual can help stop coral reefs destruction by not purchasing almost instinct coral reef fish, and only buying fish that have been raised in fish farms. Also if you stop putting trash and plastic bags into the ocean,  then the reefs will be able to get sunlight because the trash will not be blocking it. It takes corals decades or longer to create reef structures, so leave them on the reef. Explore a virtual coral reef: A partnership between Minecraft and The Nature Conservancy invites gamers to build with coral in-game to help restore and regrow coral IRL. Mass coral bleaching events due to rising ocean temperatures occurred in the summers of 1998, 2002 and 2006, and it is expected that coral bleaching will … Key economic and social benefits associated with healthy coral reefs include high fishery yields, high tourism-related incomes, protection from coastal erosion, and good nutri-tion for coastal communities.174 The great diversity of life on coral reefs is also being explored for bioactive com- Support the creation and maintenance of marine parks and reserves. You would most likely start with the causes that they have a big part in, over fishing and sedimentation. The organizations, and others like them, offer numerous ways for people to get involved. The biggest problem with artificial reefs, however, is that these methods cannot be scaled up to anything like that required to counter the current degradation on reefs. As global warming hits the planet, ocean water temperatures are also rising. Degradation of Coral Reefs - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. “rainforests of the sea” are very sensitive to environmental changes and severely of coral reefs threatened by Ocean Acidification and other global or local stressors. For a full description of the CRTF mission and duties, please see Executive Order 13089 on Coral Reef Protection. This is a pivotal time PMCID: PMC5075686 reduce and mitigate coral reef degradation from pollution, over fishing and other causes; implement strategies to promote conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs internationally. CHAPTER 2 POLLUTION AND DEGRADATION OF CORAL REEF COMMUNITIES R.E. ... pollution, overfishing and degradation. Currently, 27% of the world’s reefs have been affected. Coral reefs cover approximately 26,000 square kilometers (10,039 square miles) around the Philippines. of fish and more than a quarter of all marine life. Website Feedback, Center for Advanced Research in Forensic Science, Center for the Humanities in an Urban Environment, Counseling, Recreation and School Psychology, CREST Center for Aquatic Chemistry and Environment, International Forensic Research Institute, National Forensic Science Technology Center, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Future of Coral: Climate Change and Coral Reefs in the U.S. and Okinawa.”. "The problem is when corals are so weakened they cannot withstand normal impacts," Vega-Thurber said. coral reefs within the Caribbean.176 Some of these studies have been narrowly defined assessments of the value of spe-cific coral reef resources, such as the impact of a marine protected area on revenue from dive tourism in Bonaire,177 52 REEFS AT RISK IN THE CARIBBEAN Chapter 5.ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF CORAL REEF DEGRADATION This workshop is timely, as numerous studies show the increasing rates of degradation of coral reefs, particularly by mass coral bleaching events. By doing these things, we can end the coral reef destruction. In addition, in-4 Source: authors’ own calculations Table 1: Potential net benefit streams per year and net present value (NPV) of the world’s coral reefs (in billion US$) Facing the worldwide coral degradation, active restorations are moving toward improving techniques to maintain coral coverage. Overfishing and destructive fish-ing practices have decimated coral reef fish populations and their habitats. CHAPTER 2 POLLUTION AND DEGRADATION OF CORAL REEF COMMUNITIES R.E. If you dive, don't touch. ABSTRACT Unfortunately, these Coral reefs are fragile ecosystems. Scientists, with the support of governments and social Timothy Ravasi The future of coral reefs is unknown. Extent. Divers and snorkelers should practice appropriate behavior – … JOHANNES Department of Zoology, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. (U.S.A.) INTRODUCTION Long lines of offshore breakers, blue lagoons and white sand beaches are often spectacularly visible in the coastal tropics, but the coral reef communities which create them are seldom seen except by the skin diver. Coral resulting from loss of symbiotic algae or degradation of the reefs, ’. This will also stop the turtles from mistaking plastic bags for jellyfish can lead to the depletion of reef. 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