An improvement in the color stability of the 4% hydroquinone compositions is seen at and above 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate in the 6-7 pH range. 109. Thermodyn. 0000005306 00000 n All information collection is solely used to support ChemPoint customers service communications. Eastman has active ingredients, thickeners, plasticizers, film formers, and more for your personal care formulations. Add the hydroquinone to the water. However, these hydroquinone-containing compositions were in the acidic pH range and did not contain cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, such as magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. Cookie Notice J. Pharm. Hydroquinone[1] Idrochinone Quinol 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene p-dihydroxybenzene p-hydroxyphenol 1,4-Hydroxy benzene Identifiers CAS Number 123-31-9 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Beilstein Reference 605970 ChEBI CHEBI:17594 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL537 Y ChemSpider 764 Y DrugBank DB09526 ECHA InfoCard 100.004.199 EC Number 204-617-8 Gmelin Reference 2742 You take the cream, put it in a container, take the powder measurement and add it. Dietland Muller-Schwarze, 2003, page 43 (, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Additive manufacturing of ceramics from preceramic polymers, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31976L0768:EN:HTML, "Clear N Smooth Skin Toning Cream recalled", Skin Bleaching Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Product Use; Proposed Rule, "About the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research - Hydroquinone Studies Under The National Toxicology Program (NTP)", Campaign For Safe Cosmetics - Hydroquinone, "Skin lightening preparations and the hydroquinone controversy", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydroquinone&oldid=1136453324, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2016, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The most widely used route is similar to the, A potentially significant synthesis of hydroquinone from, Hydroquinone was first obtained in 1820 by the French chemists, Pelletier and Caventou (1820) "Recherches chimiques sur les quinquinas" (Chemical investigations of quinquinas [i.e., the bark of various, This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 11:09. Some may double boil the hydroquinone and ester, I was too scared of the possibility of combustion. Your document download will begin shortly. and our This composition is color stabilized and cosmetically elegant. 0000008514 00000 n vz >I d50dwp?i4,H3. This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases. 38, 565571 (2006), K. Carlsson, B. Karlberg, Anal. [34], It is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum. V)gB0iW8#8w8_QQj@&A)/g>'K t;\ $FZUn(4T%)0C&Zi8bxEB;PAom?W= If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. HMkA+"c>jZ^ho=81NW;]Ib;+i#iFArHpz). `9F6~qg3]0,#!V9Q> p=|h| 43, 13111316 (2007), J. Qing-Zhu, M. Pei-Sheng, Z. Huan, X. Shu-Qian, W. Qiang, Q. Yan, Fluid Phase Equilib. x- [ 0}y)7ta>jT7@t`q2&6ZL?_yxg)zLU*uSkSeO4?c. R -25 S>Vd`rn~Y&+`;A4 A9 =-tl`;~p Gp| [`L` "AYA+Cb(R, *T2B- So, does anybody know of another solvent I could use that has a higher . Approximate Solubilities of USP and NF Articles, methanol, 13; ethyl acetate, >10,000; hexanes, >10,000, 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, 1; 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, 1, boiling alcohol, 50; boiling chloroform, 80; acetone at 50, methanol, 3; isopropanol, 69; benzene, 2500; petroleum ether, 5000, dimethylformamide, 10; 10 N sodium hydroxide, 3.5, dimethylacetamide, 2; dimethylformamide, 3.5; dimethylsulfoxide, 3.5, 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, 2500; 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, 100, isopropyl alcohol, 4; propylene glycol, 9; methanol, 5.3, isopropyl alcohol, 1408; propylene glycol, 119; methanol, 75, alcohol solution (1 in 2), 2; diethylphthalate, <1; benzyl benzoate, <1, acetone, 100; methanol, 1000; 0.1 N hydrochloride acid, >1000, absolute alcohol, 8; methanol, 8; propylene glycol, 19, pyridine, 10; methanol, 71; acetone, 130; methylene chloride, 286; toluene, 2000; dioxane, 2000, carbon disulfide, 2 (slowly and usually incompletely), carbon disulfide, 2 (slowly and usually incompletely) olive oil, 100, methylenedichloride, 43; 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 100. S.C. Gad, T. Pham, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014 Environmental Fate and Behavior. The obtained results show that the solubility of benzoic acid in water is greater than that of salicylic acid, but in the case of the two isomers of dihydroxybenzene, the solubility of resorcinol is approximately 100 times that of hydroquinone. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. Protected retinoid, with its skin benefit capabilities, may also be included with the hydroquinone composition. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are evident from a review of the following claims. [21] The FDA officially banned hydroquinone in 2020 as part of a larger reform of the over-the-counter drug review process. It is not to be considered as either a warranty or quality specification. The method of item 1 07 wherein the hydroquinone is present in about 4%. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Treatment with hydroquinone interferes with the action of tyrosinase, which is an enzyme used in the synthesis of melanin, and compositions are sold across the counter at about 2% hydroquinone and by prescription at higher concentrations. [22] The FDA stated that hydroquinone cannot be ruled out as a potential carcinogen. 108. According to the polar paradox theory, this should lead to a dissolution of . Glycerol and citric acid, non-toxic and renewable reagents, were crosslinked by a melt polymerization reaction at temperatures from 90-150C. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. Phase A is added to the tank, which is held at a temperature of from about 70 to about 75 C, and in which a CO. However, hydroquinone discolors at the pH range of 7.0 to 8.5. 65, 5786 (1998), Y.-H. Zhang, Trends Analyt. Chem. I would like to add retinol and kojic acid to it as well. Can be destroyed by oxidizing it with an oxidizing mixture. COMMON BRAND NAME (S): Aclaro, Aclaro PD, Alera, Alphaquin HP, Alustra, Claripel, Complex B . Stir until uniform. Our team has been notified and we will fix it as soon as possible. Pigmentation disorders can take a variety of forms like hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, such as melasma (dark patches experienced in pregnancy), liver spots (which often develop with age), as a side effect of birth control pills, and as a persistent result of acne, bums, bites and other skin injuries, and vitiligo. In the United States, the most commonly used treatment for hyperpigmentation is 1,4-benzenediol, which is known as hydroquinone. [24], Numerous studies have revealed that hydroquinone, if taken orally, can cause exogenous ochronosis, a disfiguring disease in which blue-black pigments are deposited onto the skin; however, skin preparations containing the ingredient are administered topically. The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.9937 for one of these two equations for the binary studied systems where the solvent is either water or 1-octanol. This page was last modified on 19 June 2019, at 20:05. Thermodyn. 58 / Monday, March 26, 2012 / Rules and Regulations 10/31/2017 EN (English US) 6/8 12.3. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic, hydroximic acids, Carboxylic acids, e.g. Compositions according to this invention may include additives or components to enhance the skin penetration of its ingredients. Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (also called magnesium ascorbityl phosphate or magnesium L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate) has a chemical formula of C. In another embodiment, sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate are used in about 0.01% (preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5%, most preferably at least about 0.1%,) and about 0.5% (preferably from about 0.25% to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 1%, and most preferably at least about 0.5%) respectively in a composition with about 4% hydroquinone. If youre making your lotion. 0000002198 00000 n 552591, Z. Esina, M. Korchuganova, Theor. Rev. [33], Hydroquinone has been shown to be one of the chemical constituents of the natural product propolis. InChI=1S/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8H, InChI=1/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8H, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their. Hydroquinone is combustible when preheated. 0000002544 00000 n Res. application/pdf One of these, 4-butylresorcinol, has been proven to be more effective at treating melanin-related skin disorders by a wide margin, as well as safe enough to be made available over the counter. This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries, including the member states of the European Union under Directives 76/768/EEC:1976. wG xR^[ochg`>b$*~ :Eb~,m,-,Y*6X[F=3Y~d tizf6~`{v.Ng#{}}jc1X6fm;'_9 r:8q:O:8uJqnv=MmR 4 Other solubilities: soluble in alcohol and ether,slightly soluble in benzene,readily soluble in ethanol,acetone and methanol, Needle-like Crystals or Crystalline Powder. Classical photo shops also sell hydroquinone. Preparation, optimization and in vivo. The solubilities of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, resorcinol and hydroquinone in water and in 1-octanol were measured by the dynamic method which is also called the synthetic method from 297.25K to 334.45K. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC Q2000 and SDT Q600), the melting temperature and the enthalpy of fusion of these solutes were determined. Other properties of hydroquinone are given in Table 1. HVoLg~Z+ The original Acros Organics product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals. uv curable cellulose estersuv curable cellulose esters . . D-170D Solubility of EASTMAN Hydroquinone and Derivatives Subject: Hydroquinone and hydroquinone derivatives listed in this publication are used as intermediates for manufacturing a variety of products and as polymerization inhibitors for vinyl monomers and unsaturated polyester resins. Canon Approved only for prescription use in the U.S. market.Ideal for creams, lotions, and gels for personal care ingredients, pharmaceutical chemical, pharmaceutical excipients, and skin care ingredients. Chim. It is highly soluble in water (70 g/litre at 25 C) and the log n-octanol/water partition coefficient is 0.59. Fill out the form below, and we will send you the document as soon as we can! This is seen at about a pH of 3.50 with at least about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and again at a pH of about 6.5 to about 7.0 with at least about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. A specific embodiment of the invention is listed in the following table. 2 Liquid phase only; silicon dioxide remains as a residue in these solvents. Google Scholar, A.-C. Huang, Y.-K. Chuang, C.-F. Huang, C.-M. Shu, J. Therm. HYdroquinone can be found in various skin care products. When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and catalyze the oxidation of the hydroquinones into p-quinones. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. 49, 313321 (2015). [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC([O-])=C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C1=O, N1=CC(C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1C#CC1=CC=C(SCCC2(C)C)C2=C1, C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C3=CC=C(C(=C3)C34CC5CC(CC(C5)C3)C4)OC)=CC=C21, CC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C, disodium;2-[2-[carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate, [Na+]. In the environment, hydroquinone showed increased toxicity for aquatic organisms, being less harmful for bacteria and fungi. Van Haelst, P. Heesen, F. Van Der Wielen, H. Govers, Chemosphere 29, 16511660 (1994), Article I did that by using 1 cup of cream, 4tbsp of hydroquinone and 4tbsp of water or solvent. [19][20], In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked its previous approval of hydroquinone and proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations. Recent pieces of . The preferred protected retinoid is in the form of small beads or vesicles which are of a form that can be adjusted to be incorporated into varied topical compositions. 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate protected at pH 6.0-7.0, 1.0-1.5% at pH 5.5-7.0, and 2.0-3.0% at pH 3.5-7.0. Hydroquinone is considered to be readily biodegrable and photodegradable. Phillip M. Hudnall "Hydroquinone" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Gerhard Franz, Roger A. Sheldon "Oxidation" in. Hydroquinone is extensively used as a photographic developer, an antioxidant, and a stabilizing agent for readily oxidizable polymers. Crit. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02750-4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02750-4. Hydroquinone Safety Data Sheet according to Federal Register / Vol. The Boiling Point of hydroquinone is 287C Also, the Melting Point of hydroquinone is 172C. Some products also contain sunscreens. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. endstream endobj 382 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -558 -307 2034 1026 ] /FontName /BCGJCE+TimesNewRoman,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 160 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 389 0 R >> endobj 383 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 181 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 333 333 500 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 333 333 0 570 0 0 0 722 667 722 722 667 611 778 778 389 500 778 667 944 722 778 611 778 722 556 667 722 722 1000 722 722 0 333 0 333 0 0 0 500 556 444 556 444 333 500 556 278 333 556 278 833 556 500 556 556 444 389 333 556 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 576 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /BCGJCE+TimesNewRoman,Bold /FontDescriptor 382 0 R >> endobj 384 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 929 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -249 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -184 -249 1037 929 ] /FontName /BCGKAB+ImprintMT-Shadow /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 0 /FontFile2 390 0 R >> endobj 385 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 122 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 323 323 0 0 0 375 240 0 510 427 510 510 0 510 0 510 510 510 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 729 0 729 0 698 0 0 854 0 0 0 0 927 802 813 0 0 0 604 0 0 0 0 802 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 448 552 0 552 448 0 0 573 271 0 0 271 875 573 500 0 552 375 0 323 573 0 0 0 500 448 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /BCGKAB+ImprintMT-Shadow /FontDescriptor 384 0 R >> endobj 386 0 obj << /N 3 /Alternate /DeviceRGB /Length 2575 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream If you have any specific questions, please include them in the comments section. endstream endobj 1 0 obj <> endobj 2 0 obj <> endobj 12 0 obj <>stream Then add it to the ingredients. Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR, STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN, Color Stability of 4% HQ Compositions with varying pH and % Sodium Metabisulfite at 5C and 40C, Color Stability of 4% HQ Compositions with varying pH and % Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate at 5C and 40C, Polyacrylamide (and) C 13-14 isoparaffin (and) laureth-7, Water, Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil, Carnauba (Copemicia Cerifera), wax, tocopherol, retinol, Ceteareth-20, Water, Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil, Carnauba (Copernicia Cerifera), wax, tocopherol, retinol, Ceteareth-20, Compositions for the treatment of pigmentation disorders and methods for their manufacture, Stabilization composition including hydroquinone or derivative thereof, Stabilized retinol for cosmetic dermatological, and pharmaceutical compositions, and use thereof, Depigmenting composition for the skin comprising adapalene and at least one depigmenting agent, Depigmenting composition for the skin, use of a depigmenting composition for the skin, cosmetic use of the same and method for non-therapeutic cosmetic treatment, Cosmetic designs and products using intronic RNA, Holistic composition and method for reducing skin pigmentation, Topical compositions and methods of manufacturing them in specifically treated steel vessels, System for improved percutaneous absorption of skin benefiting agents, Discontinuous surface coating for particles, Method of treating skin requiring chemical peel procedure, Method of treating skin needing hyaluronic acid treatment, Method of treating skin having incision from surgical procedures, Method of treating skin requiring hair removal procedure, Method of treating skin requiring Intense Pulse Light (IPL) procedure, Method of treating skin subject to or affected by aesthetic surgical procedures, Method of treating skin needing ablative treatment, Method of treating skin requiring radiofrequency procedure, Method of treating skin requiring non-ablative procedure, Method of treating skin requiring fractional resurfacing treatment, Method of treating skin needing botulinum toxin type a treatment, Method of treating skin requiring microdermabrasion, Method of treating skin needing collagen treatment, Method of treating skin requiring skin cancer treatment, Methods of treating skin to enhance therapeutic treatment thereof, Ras mutation and compositions and methods related thereto, Compositions, kits and regimens for the treatment of skin, especially dcolletage, Calcium sequestration compositions and methods of treating skin pigmentation disorders and conditions. 0000005089 00000 n These can be burning, redness, sensitization and irritation in some patients. Gravimetric method is used to measured hydroquinone solubility in water, ethanol and in water+ethanol binary mixtures at temperatures (293.15, 295.15, 298.15, 300.15, 303.15, 305.15, 308.15, 310.15 and 313.15)K. Mole fractions solubility of hydroquinone are correlated with temperature by using the Apelblat equation. 0000004197 00000 n Other antioxidants, for example cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, and sodium ascorbyl phosphate, have not been utilized in combination with hydroquinone in view of the acidic pH, generally from about 3.4 to about 3.5, and the recommended pH range for magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is about 7.0 to 8.5. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Hydroquinone oxidation with V2O5/NaClO3/H2SO4, http://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php?title=Hydroquinone&oldid=11523, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later. Thus, merely adding one retinoid to a hydroquinone composition would result in instability and/or discoloration, and adding hydroquinone to a retinoid product would have a similar result. A method of stabilizing a hydroquinone composition, comprising hydroquinone and one or more protected retinoids, comprising: maintaining pH of the composition at about 5.5 to about 8.0. They may also include ingredients with other therapeutic actions, such as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, exfoliants and peels. Since hydroquinone has a tendency to discolor through oxidation, these antioxidants are used because they have greater tendencies to oxidize than hydroquinone. Then take the water and put the measurement into the microwave until boiled. However, a problem with a formulation containing both retinoids and hydroquinone has been their incompatible pH ranges. Hope it helps 6 yrs later. Availability. The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics has also highlighted concerns. 1401417, Country of ref document: Eastman Hydroquinone, USP, meets or exceeds the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia and is produced under conditions of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP). We have found that a cream containing 5% of hydroquinone and 0.05 % of laevo-ascorbic acid remains white, and the emulsion remains unbroken after many months of storage, The laevo-ascorbic or cevitamic acid is pr'eferably employed in the free condition; but if desired, the salts, and especially the water-soluble salts thereof, may be employed . ~lgM~Gc{1S_1Q/_/v">S 9 0.6. glycerin, 2.5. If you are already a ChemPoint customer then sign up for access to our online ordering website. Get medical attention. Some hydroquinone compositions include antioxidants, such as ascorbyl palmitate. endstream endobj 276 0 obj <>stream Ferulic acid 0.5% 0.15g. D7VJV//KZ&t}JSW/L@,l@^ D@ @8 i W `^;V rD}25p>.Bv1}\_E p9 endstream endobj 392 0 obj 1303 endobj 376 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 350 0 R /Resources 377 0 R /Contents 381 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 377 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 379 0 R /TT4 383 0 R /TT6 385 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 387 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 378 0 R >> >> endobj 378 0 obj [ /ICCBased 386 0 R ] endobj 379 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 252 /Widths [ 250 0 408 500 0 833 778 180 333 333 500 564 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 564 564 564 444 921 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 611 333 0 333 0 500 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 541 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 0 0 0 0 576 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 0 500 444 0 0 0 444 0 0 0 444 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /BCGIOE+TimesNewRoman /FontDescriptor 380 0 R >> endobj 380 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2028 1007 ] /FontName /BCGIOE+TimesNewRoman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 388 0 R >> endobj 381 0 obj << /Length 462 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream Methylaminophenol, used in photography, is produced in this way:[8]. Most preferably, when both a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, are present, the color of the hydroquinone composition is stabilized in the neutral pH range, preferably for greater than about six months, more preferably for greater than about twelve months and most preferably for greater than about eighteen months. The Density of hydroquinone is . Data 51, 16681671 (2006), C. L. Yaws, S.-C. Lin, Enthalpy of fusion at freezing pointOrganic compounds, in Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, William Andrew Publishing (Elsevier, 2009), pp.
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