I envied them the freedom they enjoyed, and as often wished I could change my condition for theirs. Summarize "Olaudah Equiano Recalls the Middle Passage" in no more Access to over 100 million course-specific study resources, 24/7 help from Expert Tutors on 140+ subjects, Full access to over 1 million Textbook Solutions. You may use the written transcript to guide you. This produced copious perspirations, so that the air soon became unfit for respiration, from a variety of loathsome smells, and brought on a sickness among the slaves, of which many died, thus falling victims to the improvident avarice, as I may call it, of their purchasers. This text comes from Equiano's biography. 1. True Is it not enough that we are torn from our country and friends, to toil for your luxury and lust of gain? Equiano became an abolitionist and began to record his life story after being freed. 0000008962 00000 n Without ventilation or sufficient water, about 15% grew sick and died. 0000011152 00000 n The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast, was the sea, and a slave ship, which was then riding at anchor, and waiting for its cargo. 0000048978 00000 n This . During the afternoons, he and his siblings would keep watch for kidnappers who stole unattended village children to use as slaves. The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast, was the sea, and a slave ship, which was then riding at anchor, and waiting for its cargo. Olaudah Equiano olaudah equiano middle passage summary Recalls the Middle Passage 1789 Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797), also known as Gustavus Vassa, was born in Benin (in west Africa). Culture. The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole a scene of horror almost inconceivable. The Atlantic slave trade was the largest forced migration of people by sea in history. 0000001456 00000 n As Chapter 1 opens, Equiano first explains why he is writing the book. During our passage I first saw flying fishes, which surprised me very much: they used frequently to fly across the ship, and many of them fell on the deck. I asked how the vessel could go? We did not know what to think of this; but as the vessel drew nearer, we plainly saw the harbor, and other ships of different kinds and sizes, and we soon anchored amongst them, off Bridgetown. His pioneering narrative of the journey from slavery to freedom, a bestseller first published in London in 1789, builds upon the traditions of spiritual narratives and travel literature to help create the slave narrative genre. While I was in this astonishment, one of my fellow prisoners spoke to a countryman of his, about the horses, who said they were the same kind they had in their country. They told me they did not, but came from a distant one. Equiano doesn't relate this practice to his age or if he ever again saw his sister through the middle passage while unchained on deck. we should be eaten by these ugly men, as they appeared to us; and, when soon after we were all put down under the deck again, there was much dread and trembling among us, and nothing but bitter cries to be heard all the night from these apprehensions, insomuch, that at last the white people got some old slaves from the land to pacify us. Many a time we were near suffocation, from the want of fresh air, which we were often without for whole days together. In this manner we continued to undergo more hardships than I can now relate; hardships which are inseparable from this accursed trade. Answers: 1. In this manner, without scruple, are relations and friends separated, most of them never to see each other again. Courtesy of the Historic Maps Division, Department of Rare What struck me first, was, that the houses were built with bricks, in stories, and in every other respect different from those I had seen in Africa; but I was still more astonished on seeing people on horseback. 0000162310 00000 n Working from measurements of a Liverpool slave ship, a With its descriptions of life among the Igbo and the author's experience of the Middle Passage, the book is a key . I inquired of these what was to be done with us? Written by Himself. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. They told us we were not to be eaten, but to work, and were soon to go on land, where we should see many of our country people. This made me fear these people the more; and I expected nothing less than to be treated in the same manner. 23 0 obj <> endobj This heightened my wonder; and I was now more persuaded than ever, that I was in another world, and that every thing about me was magic. We were conducted immediately to the merchants yard, where we were all pent up together, like so many sheep in a fold, without regard to sex or age. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Life at Sea: Middle Passage Page 3 of 7 The Atlantic slave trade was the largest forced migration of people by sea in history. Equiano responds with shock and horror to the conditions he describes aboard the slave ship on the Middle Passage. As every object was new to me, everything I saw filled me with surprise. One day they had taken a number of fishes; and when they had killed and satisfied themselves with as many as they thought fit, to our astonishment who were on deck, rather than give any of them to us to eat, as we expected, they tossed the remaining fish into the sea again, although we begged and prayed for some as well as we could, but in vain; and some of my countrymen, being pressed by hunger, took an opportunity, when they thought no one saw them, of trying to get a little privately; but they were discovered, and the attempt procured them some very severe floggings. In this situation I expected every hour to share the fate of my companions, some of whom were almost daily brought upon deck at the point of death, which I began to hope would soon put an end to my miseries. Olaudah Equiano's first-person account recalls his terrifying journey as an 11-year-old captive aboard a slave ship from Africa to Barbados in 1756. This was the first slave narrative to reveal such detailed effects on one victim of the slave trade and provides an interesting insight into a time where few people survived to . representing men, women, and children. might not an African ask you Learned you this from your God, who says unto you, Do unto all men as you would men should do unto you? xref The Atlantic passage, or Middle Passage, usually to Brazil or an island in the Caribbean, was notorious for its brutality and for the overcrowded unsanitary conditions on slave ships, in which hundreds of Africans were packed tightly into tiers below decks for a voyage of about 5,000 miles (8,000 km) that could last from a few weeks to several The Interesting Narrative of The Life of Olaudah Equiano, Chapter II. 0000049724 00000 n PART A: As it is used in paragraph 6, the phrase "improvident avarice" most nearly means: PART B: Which evidence provides the best support to the answer to Part A? 0000007390 00000 n Are the dearest friends and relations, now rendered more dear by their separation from their kindred, still to be parted from each other, and thus prevented from cheering the gloom of slavery, with the small comfort of being together, and mingling their sufferings and sorrows? The captives were about to embark on the infamous Middle Passage, so called because it was the middle leg of a three-part voyage -- a voyage that began and ended in Europe. We thought by this. If body measurements differ from a pattern size, what should you do? might not an African ask you Learned you this from your God, who says unto you, Do unto all men as you would men should do unto you? The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. However, two of the wretches were drowned, but they got the other, and afterwards flogged him unmercifully, for thus attempting to prefer death to slavery. Then, said I, how comes it in all our country we never heard of them? They told me because they lived so very far off. Abolitionist Sheet Music Cover Page, 1844, Barack Obama, Howard University Commencement Address (2016), Blueprint and Photograph of Christ Church, Constitutional Ratification Cartoon, 1789, Drawing of Uniforms of the American Revolution, Effects of the Fugitive Slave Law Lithograph, 1850, Genius of the Ladies Magazine Illustration, 1792, Missionary Society Membership Certificate, 1848, Painting of Enslaved Persons for Sale, 1861, The Fruit of Alcohol and Temperance Lithographs, 1849, The Society for United States Intellectual History Primary Source Reader, Bartolom de Las Casas Describes the Exploitation of Indigenous Peoples, 1542, Thomas Morton Reflects on Indians in New England, 1637, Alvar Nuez Cabeza de Vaca Travels through North America, 1542, Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization, 1584, John Winthrop Dreams of a City on a Hill, 1630, John Lawson Encounters Native Americans, 1709, A Gaspesian Man Defends His Way of Life, 1641, Manuel Trujillo Accuses Asencio Povia and Antonio Yuba of Sodomy, 1731, Olaudah Equiano Describes the Middle Passage, 1789, Francis Daniel Pastorius Describes his Ocean Voyage, 1684, Rose Davis is sentenced to a life of slavery, 1715, Boston trader Sarah Knight on her travels in Connecticut, 1704, Jonathan Edwards Revives Enfield, Connecticut, 1741, Samson Occom describes his conversion and ministry, 1768, Extracts from Gibson Cloughs War Journal, 1759, Alibamo Mingo, Choctaw leader, Reflects on the British and French, 1765, George R. 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Hewes, A Retrospect of the Boston Tea-party, 1834, Thomas Paine Calls for American independence, 1776, Women in South Carolina Experience Occupation, 1780, Boston King recalls fighting for the British and for his freedom, 1798, Abigail and John Adams Converse on Womens Rights, 1776, Hector St. Jean de Crvecur Describes the American people, 1782, A Confederation of Native peoples seek peace with the United States, 1786, Mary Smith Cranch comments on politics, 1786-87, James Madison, Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments, 1785, George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796, Venture Smith, A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Venture, 1798, Letter of Cato and Petition by the negroes who obtained freedom by the late act, in Postscript to the Freemans Journal, September 21, 1781, Black scientist Benjamin Banneker demonstrates Black intelligence to Thomas Jefferson, 1791, Creek headman Alexander McGillivray (Hoboi-Hili-Miko) seeks to build an alliance with Spain, 1785, Tecumseh Calls for Native American Resistance, 1810, Abigail Bailey Escapes an Abusive Relationship, 1815, James Madison Asks Congress to Support Internal Improvements, 1815, A Traveler Describes Life Along the Erie Canal, 1829, Maria Stewart bemoans the consequences of racism, 1832, Rebecca Burlend recalls her emigration from England to Illinois, 1848, Harriet H. Robinson Remembers a Mill Workers Strike, 1836, Alexis de Tocqueville, How Americans Understand the Equality of the Sexes, 1840, Missouri Controversy Documents, 1819-1920, Rhode Islanders Protest Property Restrictions on Voting, 1834, Black Philadelphians Defend their Voting Rights, 1838, Andrew Jacksons Veto Message Against Re-chartering the Bank of the United States, 1832, Frederick Douglass, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? 1852, Samuel Morse Fears a Catholic Conspiracy, 1835, Revivalist Charles G. Finney Emphasizes Human Choice in Salvation, 1836, Dorothea Dix defends the mentally ill, 1843, David Walkers Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, 1829, William Lloyd Garrison Introduces The Liberator, 1831, Angelina Grimk, Appeal to Christian Women of the South, 1836, Sarah Grimk Calls for Womens Rights, 1838, Henry David Thoreau Reflects on Nature, 1854, Nat Turner explains the Southampton rebellion, 1831, Solomon Northup Describes a Slave Market, 1841, George Fitzhugh Argues that Slavery is Better than Liberty and Equality, 1854, Sermon on the Duties of a Christian Woman, 1851, Mary Polk Branch remembers plantation life, 1912, William Wells Brown, Clotel; or, The Presidents Daughter: A Narrative of Slave Life in the United States, 1853, Cherokee Petition Protesting Removal, 1836, John OSullivan Declares Americas Manifest Destiny, 1845, Diary of a Woman Migrating to Oregon, 1853, Chinese Merchant Complains of Racist Abuse, 1860, Wyandotte woman describes tensions over slavery, 1849, Letters from Venezuelan General Francisco de Miranda regarding Latin American Revolution, 1805-1806, President Monroe Outlines the Monroe Doctrine, 1823, Stories from the Underground Railroad, 1855-56, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, 1852, Charlotte Forten complains of racism in the North, 1855, Margaraetta Mason and Lydia Maria Child Discuss John Brown, 1860, South Carolina Declaration of Secession, 1860, Alexander Stephens on Slavery and the Confederate Constitution, 1861, General Benjamin F. Butler Reacts to Self-Emancipating People, 1861, William Henry Singleton, a formerly enslaved man, recalls fighting for the Union, 1922, Ambrose Bierce Recalls his Experience at the Battle of Shiloh, 1881, Abraham Lincolns Second Inaugural Address, 1865, Freedmen discuss post-emancipation life with General Sherman, 1865, Jourdon Anderson Writes His Former Enslaver, 1865, Charlotte Forten Teaches Freed Children in South Carolina, 1864, General Reynolds Describes Lawlessness in Texas, 1868, A case of sexual violence during Reconstruction, 1866, Frederick Douglass on Remembering the Civil War, 1877, William Graham Sumner on Social Darwinism (ca.1880s), Henry George, Progress and Poverty, Selections (1879), Andrew Carnegies Gospel of Wealth (June 1889), Grover Clevelands Veto of the Texas Seed Bill (February 16, 1887), The Omaha Platform of the Peoples Party (1892), Dispatch from a Mississippi Colored Farmers Alliance (1889), Lucy Parsons on Women and Revolutionary Socialism (1905), Chief Joseph on Indian Affairs (1877, 1879), William T. Hornady on the Extermination of the American Bison (1889), Chester A. Arthur on American Indian Policy (1881), Frederick Jackson Turner, Significance of the Frontier in American History (1893), Turning Hawk and American Horse on the Wounded Knee Massacre (1890/1891), Helen Hunt Jackson on a Century of Dishonor (1881), Laura C. Kellogg on Indian Education (1913), Andrew Carnegie on The Triumph of America (1885), Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Lynch Law in America (1900), Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (1918), Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper (1913), Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives (1890), Rose Cohen on the World Beyond her Immigrant Neighborhood (ca.1897/1918), William McKinley on American Expansionism (1903), Rudyard Kipling, The White Mans Burden (1899), James D. Phelan, Why the Chinese Should Be Excluded (1901), William James on The Philippine Question (1903), Chinese Immigrants Confront Anti-Chinese Prejudice (1885, 1903), African Americans Debate Enlistment (1898), Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. Often did I think many of the inhabitants of the deep much more happy than myself. They told us we were not to be eaten, but to work, and were soon to go on land, where we should see many of our country people. 0000070662 00000 n Africans forcibly brought to North American were sold at auction. We thought by this, we should be eaten by these ugly men, as they appeared to us; and, when soon after we were all put down under the deck again, there was much dread and trembling among us, and nothing but bitter cries to be heard all the night from these apprehensions, insomuch, that at last the white people got some old slaves from the land to pacify us. was a little revived, and thought, if it were no worse than working, my situation was not so desperate; but still I feared I should be put to death, the white people looked and acted, as I thought, in so savage a manner; for I had never seen among any people such instances of brutal cruelty; and this not only shown towards us blacks, but also to some of the whites themselves.
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